“…Intravenous albumin infusion and plasma exchange with albumin replacement could significantly improve the cognitive function of AD and slow cognitive and functional decline [43,44]. Though serum total bilirubin is not causally associated with AD assessed by a large-scale genome-wide association study, increased serum total bilirubin level in AD was regarded as a biomarker of AD severity [45].…”
Background: Increasing evidence suggests that both amyloid-β metabolism disorders in the liver and cerebral hypoperfusion play an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the relevance of liver function alterations to cerebral blood flow (CBF) of patients with AD remains unclear. Objective: We aimed to investigate the associations between liver function changes and CBF of patients with AD. Methods: We recruited 17 patients with sporadic AD. In addition to physical and neurological examinations, detection of AD biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and CBF assessment by arterial spin labeling sequence of magnetic resonance image scans as well as measure of liver function markers in serum by routine laboratory testing were conducted. Neuropsychological tests were evaluated, including Mini-Mental State Examination and Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Linear and rank correlations were performed to test the associations of liver function alterations with regional CBF of AD. Results: We found that liver function markers, especially total protein, the ratio of albumin to globin, globin, alkaline phosphatase, and aspartate aminotransferase were significantly associated with regional CBF of AD patients. Conclusions: These findings demonstrated significant associations between perfusion in certain brain regions of AD and alterations of liver function markers, particularly proteins and liver enzymes, which might provide implications to the pathogenesis and treatment of AD.
“…Intravenous albumin infusion and plasma exchange with albumin replacement could significantly improve the cognitive function of AD and slow cognitive and functional decline [43,44]. Though serum total bilirubin is not causally associated with AD assessed by a large-scale genome-wide association study, increased serum total bilirubin level in AD was regarded as a biomarker of AD severity [45].…”
Background: Increasing evidence suggests that both amyloid-β metabolism disorders in the liver and cerebral hypoperfusion play an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the relevance of liver function alterations to cerebral blood flow (CBF) of patients with AD remains unclear. Objective: We aimed to investigate the associations between liver function changes and CBF of patients with AD. Methods: We recruited 17 patients with sporadic AD. In addition to physical and neurological examinations, detection of AD biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and CBF assessment by arterial spin labeling sequence of magnetic resonance image scans as well as measure of liver function markers in serum by routine laboratory testing were conducted. Neuropsychological tests were evaluated, including Mini-Mental State Examination and Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Linear and rank correlations were performed to test the associations of liver function alterations with regional CBF of AD. Results: We found that liver function markers, especially total protein, the ratio of albumin to globin, globin, alkaline phosphatase, and aspartate aminotransferase were significantly associated with regional CBF of AD patients. Conclusions: These findings demonstrated significant associations between perfusion in certain brain regions of AD and alterations of liver function markers, particularly proteins and liver enzymes, which might provide implications to the pathogenesis and treatment of AD.
“…The inverse variance weighted (IVW) meta-analysis method was chosen as the primary MR analysis, as it provides optimum accuracy with decent IV quality [ 17 ]. If sensitivity analyses indicated potential heterogeneity, a random effect model of the IVW method was employed; otherwise, a fixed effect method was used [ 18 , 19 ]. Different supplementary methods, namely MR-Egger, weighted median, simple mode, weighted mode, and maximum likelihood were utilized to verify the causal association.…”
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