Association Between Serum Long-Chain n-3 and n-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Profiles and Glomerular Filtration Rate Assessed by Serum Creatinine and Cystatin C Levels in Japanese Community-Dwellers

Abstract

BackgroundPlasma concentration of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) has been reported to be associated with renal function in Western populations. However, few studies have investigated the association between serum long-chain n-3 and n-6 PUFA profiles and renal function in a Japanese population with high marine-derived long-chain n-3 PUFA intake.MethodsA cross-sectional study was performed in 549 Japanese rural community-dwellers aged 40 to 64 years. In adjusted analysis of covariance, we assessed the relationship between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and tertiles of serum long-chain n-3 and n-6 PUFA profiles ([eicosapentaenoic acid {EPA} + docosahexaenoic acid {DHA}]:arachidonic acid [AA]). GFR was estimated by Japanese specific equations using serum creatinine and cystatin C (eGFRcre and eGFRcys). Using multivariate-adjusted linear regression models, we also assessed the relationships between eGFRs and several n-3 and n-6 PUFAs, which have been suggested to be associated with renal function.ResultsIn all participants, higher dietary fish intake as assessed by a semi-quantitative questionnaire was associated with higher serum value of (EPA+DHA):AA. Participants in the higher (EPA+DHA):AA tertiles had non-significantly higher eGFRcre and significantly higher eGFRcys (P = 0.016). In addition, eGFRcys in T2+T3 of (EPA+DHA):AA was significantly higher than that in T1 (adjusted mean eGFRcys, T1: 87 ml/min/1.73 m2, T2+T3: 91 ml/min/1.73 m2; P < 0.01). Among the PUFAs, only (EPA+DHA) was significantly associated with eGFRcys.ConclusionsSerum (EPA+DHA):AA, which reflects an individual’s fish intake, might be associated with eGFRcys in Japanese community-dwellers.

The effects of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids on miR-126 promoter DNA methylation status and VEGF protein expression in the colorectal cancer cells

“…The demethylating effect of DHA observed by us in Caco2 cells confirms the finding of our previous study obtained in the same colorectal cancer cells [34]. The rationale for using 100 μM concentration as the selected dose was that it is below or within the reported circulating fatty acid range [42]. The rationale for using a 24-h stimulation was that epigenetic responses to fatty acids and lipoproteins were observed in macrophages and cancerous cells cultured in vitro [42–46].…”

“…The rationale for using 100 μM concentration as the selected dose was that it is below or within the reported circulating fatty acid range [42]. The rationale for using a 24-h stimulation was that epigenetic responses to fatty acids and lipoproteins were observed in macrophages and cancerous cells cultured in vitro [42–46]. Previous studies reported that PUFA supplementation, namely DHA, at 100 μM for 24 h, may induce cytotoxic effects to cancer cells, altering the normal cellular metabolic pathways and making a possible bias to the final effects/results [47].…”

Metabolomics biomarkers and the risk of overall mortality and ESRD in CKD: Results from the Progredir Cohort

“…Docosahexaenoic acid is an omega-3 essential fatty acid mostly found in fish oil and higher circulating levels have been related to lower inflammatory biomarkers and lower incidence of diabetes [ 23 ], overall mortality [ 24 , 25 ], CVD [ 26 – 28 ] and atrial fibrillation [ 29 ]. In dialysis patients, docosahexaenoic acid has been shown to be low and associated to increased risk of cardiovascular events [ 30 ] and higher levels of docosahexaenoic acid have been positively related to eGFR in the general population [ 31 ]. Supplementation of omega-3 fatty acid is still polemic [ 32 ] but has been shown to have some beneficial effects in IgA nephropathy [ 33 – 35 ], on eGFR decline after myocardial infarction [ 36 ], and on blood pressure in CKD patients [ 37 ].…”

Arachidonic and oleic acid exert distinct effects on the DNA methylome

“…were carried out for 24 h using FAs in the 0-200 mM concentration range. These concentrations are below or within the reported circulating FA range-see, for example, Higashiyama et al 26 The rationale for using a 24-hour stimulation is that epigenetic responses to lipoproteins were observed in THP-1 macrophages, a differentiated version of THP-1 monocytes. 12,13 In accordance with a similar study of AA-stimulated THP-1 cells, where cell proliferation was scored based on 3 H-thymidine incorporation, 27 FAs did not affect cell proliferation as assessed by cell counting.…”