Association between Serum Calcium and First Incident Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

<jats:p>Background: The role of serum calcium in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients with or without first incident acute myocardial infarction has not been studied previously. This study aimed to assess the relationship between serum calcium and first incident acute myocardial infarction.&#x0D; Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from Jan 2014 to Dec 2016. All the participants were from our database, described in detail elsewhere including 1609 cases and 3252 controls. Multiple logistic regression was carried out to explore the effect of serum calcium on first incident acute myocardial infarction. Interaction between serum calcium and risk factors were evaluated.&#x0D; Results: Patients with first incident acute myocardial infarction have significantly lower serum calcium concentrations than those without acute myocardial infarction (2.18 (0.21) vs 2.24 (0.19) mmol/L, P&lt;0.0001). After adjusting for sex and age, logistic regression showed that serum calcium was significantly associated with first incident acute myocardial infarction (odds ratio (OR): 1.50, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.41-1.60). Further adjusted for potential confounders, serum calcium was associated with first incident acute myocardial infarction (OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.22-1.42). Moreover, the association still existed when patients were divided into subgroups according to gender and age. A significant interaction was found between serum calcium and diabetes mellitus (DM), lipoprotein (a) (Lp (a)), and serum albumin.&#x0D; Conclusion: Serum calcium was associated with first incident acute myocardial infarction among CAD patients in both sexes and in age categories. This study provides further evidence showing the value of serum calcium levels in clinical practice.</jats:p>

A Comparative Study of in hospital Complications among Diabetic Hypertensive Patients and Normal Blood Pressure Diabetic Patients Presented with Acute Myocardial Infarction

“…In our study, it is 14% and 10.4%, respectively, for diabetic patients with hypertension and for diabetic patients with normal blood pressure. The higher complication rate of this study and its causes can be explained 16 . First, poor control of diabetes and hypertension in our patients, second, due to late clinical treatment due to ignorance of MI and poor logistical support, third, primary PCI in MI patients was considered late as primary PCI has higher efficacy than pharmacological improvement, and fourth higher Mortality among Asians [17][18] .…”

Association of admission serum calcium level with left ventricular dysfunction in patients with acute coronary syndrome

“…The possible mechanism of the correlation between serum calcium and left ventricular dysfunction is unclear. Serum calcium ions play a vital role in many metabolic and regulatory processes associated with cardiovascular disease, such as platelet adhesion and aggregation, blood coagulation, enzymatic activity, myocardial excitation, contraction and relaxation ( 8 , 9 ). In view of the roles of serum calcium in myocardial excitation-contraction coupling and cardiac electrophysiologic effect, abnormalities of serum calcium may cause disarrangement of calcium homeostasis in the cytoplasm of cardiomyocytes and lead to myocardial dysfunction ( 22 ).…”

“…On the other side, hypocalcemia reduces renal sodium excretion ( 26 ), thus contributes to fluid overload and decreased myocardial contractility, as demonstrated by decreased left ventricular work index ( 9 , 27 ). In addition, decreased serum calcium was correlated with various common cardiovascular risk profiles, such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, and so on ( 8 ).…”

“…Serum calcium is a common monitored clinical biomarker. Calcium plays a critical role in excitation, contraction and relaxation of the myocardium ( 8 , 9 ). Both clinical electrophysiology studies and preclinical experiments demonstrated that abnormal intracellular calcium concentration was a key biomarker of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction ( 10 – 12 ).…”

Revealing Calcium Signaling Pathway as Novel Mechanism of Danhong Injection for Treating Acute Myocardial Infarction by Systems Pharmacology and Experiment Validation

“…In Chinese medicine, AMI belongs to “angina pectoris” and “chest pain.” With the development of traditional Chinese medicine, the prevention and treatment of AMI by traditional Chinese medicine has attracted more and more attention ( Liu et al, 2011 ; Spatz et al, 2018 ; Lu et al, 2019 ). DHI is a kind of Chinese patent medicine extracted from two Chinese medicines, Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge [Lamiaceae; Salviae miltiorrhizae radix et rhizoma] (Danshen) and Carthamus tinctorius L. [Asteraceae; Carthami Flos] (Honghua), by modern technology, and is widely used in the treatment of various diseases such as AMI ( You et al, 2019 ; Zhang Chi et al, 2020 ). DHI mainly contains chemical components such as tanshinone, danshensu, safflower yellow, and salvianolic acid, which can promote blood circulation, counteract platelet aggregation, improve the hemodynamic status, alleviate myocardial ischemia, and reduce atherosclerosis ( Feng et al, 2019 ).…”