Association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and pulmonary infection in children

Li, Wei; Cheng, Xiaoguang; Guo, Li; Li, Hongri; Sun, Chaofen; Cui, Xiaodai; Zhang, Qi; Song, Guanghua

doi:10.1097/md.0000000000009060

Cited by 26 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Since 1997, it has been shown in developing countries, where malnutrition and micronutrient deficiency were more common, that the incidence of pneumonia was higher in children with rickets [ 124 , 126 , 131 ], and treatment failure was seen more frequently in rachitic children [ 132 ]. Similar studies were conducted worldwide, evaluating the circulating levels of vitamin D in children with LRTI and in controls: several studies found that lower vitamin D levels were associated with higher risk of developing an acute respiratory tract infection [ 125 , 130 , 132 , 133 , 135 , 139 , 144 ], or were linked to a more severe course of illness [ 136 , 142 ], with more frequent need for oxygen supplementation, ventilation support [ 134 ], or increased risk of intensive care unit (ICU) admission and longer hospital stay [ 143 ].…”

Section: Vitamin Dmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…We searched PubMed using keywords such as “vitamin D” and “lower respiratory tract infections” or “viral infections,” focusing on studies on pediatric populations, including both observational studies and clinical trials. Numerous studies investigated the association between low levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and increased susceptibility to LRTI in childhood, as listed in Table 4 [ 124 , 125 , 126 , 127 , 128 , 129 , 130 , 131 , 132 , 133 , 134 , 135 , 136 , 137 , 138 , 139 , 140 , 141 , 142 , 143 , 144 , 145 , 146 ].…”

Section: Vitamin Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Role of Micronutrients in Support of the Immune Response against Viral Infections

et al. 2020

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Viral infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and the importance of public health practices including handwashing and vaccinations in reducing their spread is well established. Furthermore, it is well known that proper nutrition can help support optimal immune function, reducing the impact of infections. Several vitamins and trace elements play an important role in supporting the cells of the immune system, thus increasing the resistance to infections. Other nutrients, such as omega-3 fatty acids, help sustain optimal function of the immune system. The main aim of this manuscript is to discuss of the potential role of micronutrients supplementation in supporting immunity, particularly against respiratory virus infections. Literature analysis showed that in vitro and observational studies, and clinical trials, highlight the important role of vitamins A, C, and D, omega-3 fatty acids, and zinc in modulating the immune response. Supplementation with vitamins, omega 3 fatty acids and zinc appears to be a safe and low-cost way to support optimal function of the immune system, with the potential to reduce the risk and consequences of infection, including viral respiratory infections. Supplementation should be in addition to a healthy diet and fall within recommended upper safety limits set by scientific expert bodies. Therefore, implementing an optimal nutrition, with micronutrients and omega-3 fatty acids supplementation, might be a cost-effective, underestimated strategy to help reduce the burden of infectious diseases worldwide, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

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Section: Vitamin Dmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Vitamin Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Micronutrients in Support of the Immune Response against Viral Infections

et al. 2020

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“…In particular, VD plays a prominent role in boosting innate immunity, regulating adaptive immunity, and strengthening airway mucosal responses. Previous epidemiological studies show consistent independent associations between lower circulating levels of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) during childhood and an increased risk of upper and lower RTIs, including tuberculosis, pneumonia, asthma exacerbations, and bronchiolitis . Moreover, data from a recent individual‐patient‐data meta‐analysis of clinical studies show that VD supplementation protects against acute respiratory infections .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Solar radiation, air pollution, and bronchiolitis hospitalizations in Chile: An ecological study

Terrazas

Castro-Rodriguez

Camargo

et al. 2019

Pediatric Pulmonology

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Objective To evaluate trends and geographic distribution of infant bronchiolitis hospitalizations in Chile, a country with large variation in solar radiation (SR) and high rates of urban air pollution. Methods We performed a nationwide ecological study of bronchiolitis hospitalizations from 2001 to 2014. We investigated the associations of regional SR (a proxy of vitamin D status) and regional fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution with bronchiolitis hospitalizations. We also evaluated the role of sociodemographic factors, including regional poverty, education, indigenous population, and rurality rates. Results During the study period, 119 479 infants were hospitalized for bronchiolitis in Chile; 59% were boys. The mean bronchiolitis hospitalization rate increased from 29 to 41 per 1000 infants per year (P = .02). There was an inverse correlation between regional SR and incidence of hospital admissions for bronchiolitis (r = −0.52, P = .049), accounting for 27% of these hospitalizations. There was also a significant direct correlation between regional ambient PM2.5 and bronchiolitis hospitalizations (R = 0.68, P = .006), accounting for 42% of the variation in admission rate. High firewood and/or coal residential use for heating, high regional poverty, lower years of education, and high rurality rates were also significantly correlated with bronchiolitis hospitalization rates. None of the environmental or sociodemographic factors evaluated were correlated with regional case fatality rates or length of stay at the hospital. Conclusions This ecological study revealed significant associations between regional SR, air pollution, and sociodemographic factors with infant bronchiolitis hospitalizations in Chile, suggesting that these factors play a major role in the incidence and severity of respiratory infections in early childhood.

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“…It has been shown that vitamin D deficiency increases the susceptibility and hence the complications of infections [11][12][13][14]. A vitamin D level of less than 30 ng/mL is associated with different bacterial and viral infections [15][16][17][18][19][20][21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recurrent Peeling of Skin Following Post-Streptococcal Atypical Kawasaki Disease: A Case Report and Literature Review

Hassan

2019

Int J Clin Pediatr

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Kawasaki disease (KD) is a systemic vasculitis occurring due to collective immune mechanisms in a genetically susceptible individual, triggered by infections, though the actual cause is yet to be determined. KD is the most common cause of coronary heart disease in children. Typical diagnostic criteria are fever more than 4 days plus four of clinical criteria of cervical lymphadenopathy, skin rashes, mucus membrane redness and lip changes, non-purulent conjunctivitis, peripheral changes in palms and feet. In atypical cases three criteria with fever are enough to commence treatment and echocardiograph early. An often-reported association with KD is streptococcal infections. Skin peeling occurs in both conditions, however in streptococcal infections it occurs early while late during convalescence stage in KD except peeling of the genitocrural area that may occurs early. Skin peeling in the streptococcal infection is related to exotoxin while the cause of the peeling in KD is not well known; but it is likely related to the immunological pathogenesis. Another type of skin peeling that occurs recurrently following the initial attack of KD in many months is of an unknown reason. The presentation in this report is exceptional; it is for the first time reporting association of atypical KD presented with post streptococcal complications and vitamin D deficiency followed by the skin re-peeling 6 months after the patients fully resolved. Moreover, it is for the first time reporting nail changes, painful micturition due to urethral involvement and mucus membrane erythema that all resolved without treatment. The cause possibly is related to innate immune mechanism post infections and possible role for vitamin D deficiency paving the way for the post-group A streptococcal (GAS) vasculitis which is an immune response that later acted to trigger the skin peeling. Patient initially presented with significant peeling of streptococcal infections and features of KD responding to monoclonal antibody. This case highlights that clinicians need to know about recurrent peeling following KD in many months and to make the parents aware about its harmless course. It is the first report of association of post streptococcal atypical KD vasculitis, vitamin D deficiency, skin harmless post-KD skin peeling, nail changes, mucus membrane erythema and painful micturition due to urethral involvement.

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Association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and pulmonary infection in children

Cited by 26 publications

References 22 publications

The Role of Micronutrients in Support of the Immune Response against Viral Infections

The Role of Micronutrients in Support of the Immune Response against Viral Infections

Solar radiation, air pollution, and bronchiolitis hospitalizations in Chile: An ecological study

Recurrent Peeling of Skin Following Post-Streptococcal Atypical Kawasaki Disease: A Case Report and Literature Review

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