Association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and bone mineral density in normal postmenopausal women

Abstract

Aim:This study was conducted with the objective of assessing serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) in postmenopausal women (PMW), to detect osteopenia or osteoporosis in PMW and to establish a correlation between serum 25(OH)D levels and bone mineral density (BMD).Materials and Methods:A total of 100 healthy PMW were selected, and a prospective observational study was conducted to correlate the BMD with serum 25(OH)D levels. Their laboratory investigations along with serum 25(OH)D levels were done. Their BMD was assessed with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at lumbar spine and neck of femur; T-scores were derived. Correlation analysis was done to investigate the relationship between serum 25(OH)D levels and BMD.Results:The proportion of osteoporosis at the hip was 31.9% in deficient group, 16.1% in insufficient, and 18.2% in sufficient group and at lumbar spine, it was 27.7%, 16.1%, and 22.7%, respectively. Forty-seven percent of PMW had deficient (<20 ng/ml) serum 25(OH)D levels and 31% had insufficiency. T-score at hip in deficient group was −2.05 ± 0.25, and in an insufficient group, it was −1.79 ± 0.13; T-score at lumbar spine was −1.92 ± 0.12 and −1.79 ± 0.12, respectively, but both were not statistically significant. Osteoporosis was seen in 24%, osteopenia in 55% at hip level and 23% and 59% respectively at lumbar spine. There was no association between serum 25(OH)D levels and BMD neither at hip nor at lumbar spine (P = 0.51 and P = 0.79 respectively).Conclusion:In this study, among our cohort of patients there was no correlation between serum 25(OH)D levels and BMD. However, Vitamin D deficiency coexists with low BMD. Vitamin D insufficiency is a common risk factor for osteoporosis associated with increased bone remodeling and low bone mass.

Cardiovascular risk assessment in osteoporotic patients using osteoprotegerin as a reliable predictive biochemical marker

“…The serum level of 25(OH) vitamin D ( Fig. 1 ) was significantly lower in the Mets group, in accordance with the reports of increased cardiovascular risk associated with vitamin D deficiency ( 38 , 40 ).…”

“…Among other markers, 25(OH) vitamin D may be considered by some specialised departments as a routine test for the differential diagnosis of osteoporosis ( 38 , 40 , 41 ). In our patients, we found very low levels of 25(OH) vitamin D, somehow confirming other reports; the median value was <30 ng/ml, which indicated that most of our subjects had inadequate serum 25(OH) vitamin D levels ( Table II ).…”

“…Blood tests included the measurement of total serum cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglyceride (TG) and blood glucose levels. The weight, height and waist circumference of the patients were also measured, as well as blood pressure, as previously described ( 1 , 4 , 33 – 38 ). All these methods used are described below:…”

The Effect of Clothing on Vitamin D Status, Bone Turnover Markers, and Bone Mineral Density in Young Kuwaiti Females

“…Reduced BMD, which is also known as osteopenia, may lead to osteoporosis and an increased risk of fracture if left untreated [48, 49]. Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent among patients with osteoporosis [50]. Supplementation with vitamin D and calcium has been shown to reduce the risk of hip fractures among elderly women [51].…”

“…Prior studies are equivocal, however, regarding the direct relationship between vitamin D and BMD [49, 50, 52, 53]. In addition, high levels of bone turnover markers in the blood may indicate increased bone loss [54].…”