Association between Selenium Status and Chronic Kidney Disease in Middle-Aged and Older Chinese Based on CHNS Data

Abstract

Background: The association between selenium and chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains controversial. Population studies with large samples facilitate the reliability of conclusions. Objective: In this study, we aimed to describe the prevalence of a CKD association with selenium intake in middle-aged and older Chinese. Methods: Data for this study were obtained from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS). A total of 5381 participants (aged ≥ 45) with biochemical test data were included in the study. Logistic regression models were used to examine the association between diet selenium intake (quartile) and the prevalence of CKD. Results: A total of 942 (17.01%) participants had CKD. The prevalence of CKD was 23.33%, 20.32%, 14.98%, and 9.25% among participants with average selenium intakes of 21.5 ± 4.82, 33.1 ± 2.79, 43.8 ± 3.70, and 67.0 ± 13.97 µg/day, respectively. In the fully adjusted model (Model 3), across the quartiles of selenium intake, the ORs for the prevalence of CKD were 1.00, 1.09 (95% CI 0.69–1.73), 0.82 (95% CI 0.49–1.38), and 0.43 (95% CI 0.22–0.85). The protein intake had a certain diagnostic significance for the selenium intake. Conclusions: An adequate selenium intake may have a positive effect on CKD. The influence of individual weight and location on the effect of selenium on CKD needs to be further explored.

Effects of Selenium on Chronic Kidney Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Study

“…Furthermore, selenium levels have been found to correlate with the severity of CKD; as CKD progresses and eGFR decreases, plasma levels of selenium in patients also decrease [ 6 , 29 ]. A recent cross-sectional study based on the data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) found that an adequate selenium intake may have a positive effect on CKD [ 20 ]. Controversially, another cross-sectional study in elderly people aged ≥ 90 years did not find a correlation between selenium and CKD [ 21 ].…”

“…The visceral organ with the highest distribution of selenium in the body is the kidney [ 19 ]. Most studies on the relationship between selenium and CKD are controversial [ 6 , 7 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ]. Selenium levels are usually lower in CKD patients than normal people [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ].…”

“…Selenium levels are usually lower in CKD patients than normal people [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ]. Several studies have found that adequate intake of selenium may exert positive effects on CKD [ 7 , 20 ]. However, some studies have also come to the opposite conclusion, indicating that selenium supplementation does not benefit patients with CKD and may even cause damage [ 21 , 23 , 24 , 30 , 31 ].…”

Micronutrients and Renal Outcomes: A Prospective Cohort Study

“…Damianaki et al found a significant association between a lower baseline Zn level and deterioration of kidney function, but it was no longer significant after baseline eGFR or proteinuria was introduced into this model [ 37 ]. Higher serum Se levels were inversely associated with all-cause and infection-related deaths, and lower Se intake was associated with higher CKD prevalence [ 25 , 38 ]. Cox regression analyses using univariate and multivariable models adjusted for age, sex, and diabetes revealed that high Zn and Se levels were significant predictive factors of ESRD.…”

Benefits and risks of essential trace elements in chronic kidney disease: a narrative review

“…However, some researchers found no significant loss or gain of Zn or Se from the PD itself in ESKD patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) (115). A study of Se status and CKD in 5,381 middle-aged and older Chinese people suggested adequate Se intake might have a positive effect on CKD (116), and a Taiwanese study found it modified GFR in envFemental toxic-induced CKD (117).…”