Association between sarcoidosis and cardiovascular comorbidity: A systematic review and meta-analysis

The main causes of Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) are not fully understood. However, it usually emerges following a surgery or an injury to a limb. Inflammation, musculoskeletal, neuronal, and microvascular abnormalities have been found to contribute to the progression of the disease. Immune cells activation, especially with regards to the early phases of the disease is also indicated in the literature. Accordingly, efforts were directed to manage and enhance such responses, aiming to enhance the outcomes by introducing many immunomodulatory agents for managing patients with CRPS and relieving the associated pain. In this literature review, we have discussed the effectiveness and safety of common immunomodulatory agents for CRPS. We have mainly reviewed the roles of glucocorticoids, TNF-α antagonists, bisphosphonates, and intravenous immunoglobulins administration. Glucocorticoids were among the first reported modalities in the management of the syndrome. However, their use is approached with caution because of their potential systemic side effects. Bisphosphonates and TNF-α antagonists also have validated efficacies and should be administered within the early inflammatory phases to achieve better outcomes. Intravenous immunoglobulins are not adequately validated among the current studies, and evidence shows that they might be useful for a certain subgroup. Therefore, further investigations are required to formulate stronger evidence.

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness and side effects of immunomodulatory agents for complex regional pain syndrome

Alshaer

Binobaid

Nanoh

et al. 2021

“…This literature review is based on an extensive literature search in Medline, Cochrane, and EMBASE databases which was performed in August 2021 using the medical subject headings (MeSH) or a combination of all possible related terms. 7,8 This was followed by the manual search for papers in Google Scholar while the reference lists of the initially included papers. 9,10 Papers discussing the induction agents used for rapid sequence intubation were screened for relevant information, with no limitation placed on date, language, age of participants, or publication type.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of different induction agents used for rapid sequence intubation

Aboshoushah

Saddeek

Alanazi

et al. 2021

Securing the airway is the first step that clinicians take care of for clinically unstable patients. Rapid sequence intubation (RSI) has been reported by many clinicians to effectively achieve this. Many agents have been reported in the literature as effective induction agents for RSI. In this literature review, we have discussed the efficacies of the different induction agents that are commonly reported in the literature for RSI. Furthermore, RSI is done by paralytic and sedative agents that rapidly render the patient flaccid and unconscious to facilitate the emergent approaches to achieve successful tracheal intubation and minimize adverse events. We have discussed the efficacies and adverse events of benzodiazepines and barbiturates, ketamine, propofol, and etomidate. Each of these modalities has its advantages and adverse events, and clinicians should choose what is best for their patients based on the aforementioned discussion for each drug modality. We recommend that further investigations might be needed for further optimization of the induction agent and the relevant doses.

“…This literature review is based on an extensive literature search in Medline, Cochrane, and EMBASE databases which was performed on 5 th August 2021 using the medical subject headings (MeSH) or a combination of all possible related terms. 6,7 This was followed by the manual search for papers in Google Scholar while the reference lists of the initially included papers. 8,9 Papers discussing the types and characteristics of dental composites were screened for relevant information, with no limitation placed on date, language, age of participants, or publication type.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Types, characteristics and environmental degradation of composite materials

Basudan

Alsanad

Alhur

et al. 2021

Research has offered many advances in the dentistry field and variable types of dental composites have been widely validated to be effectively used with many favorable outcomes. Among the differently reported composites, hybrid ones are the most commonly reported and used in clinical settings. However, the characteristics of these composites vary hugely based on the materials and the environmental factors that they might be potentially exposed to. In this literature review study, we have discussed the types and characteristics of the dental composites, elaborating the effect of different environmental factors on the degradation of the different composite materials. Our results indicate that dental composites are hugely affected by environmental factors as temperature, moisture, chemical reactions and impact blunt. Furthermore, enhancing the quality of the materials by using more flexible approaches might enhance their quality in achieving better outcomes. Moreover, research should be directed within this area to improve the functions of the dental composites and improve the quality of life for the corresponding patients. Composites based on nanotechnology seem promising. However, these are not adequately investigated, and further research is encouraged for adequate validation.