Association Between Salivary Cotinine and Cardiovascular Biomarkers Among Nonsmokers and Current Smokers: Cross-sectional Study of 10,081 Participants

Abstract

21.8 mm) than +FH with male relatives (19.9 mm, p = .007). Furthermore the prevalence of AAA was significantly higher among +FH (6.7%) compared with ÀFH (3.0%) with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.2 (95% CI: 1.6 to 3.2, p < .001) and +FH with female relatives with AAA had a more than two and a half times increased prevalence of AAA compared with +FH with male relatives with AAA with an OR of 2.65.Conclusions: First-degree male relatives of AAA patients have wider aortas and a twofold higher prevalence of AAA compared with the age adjusted background population. The prevalence of AAA was markedly higher in participants related to female, rather than male, patients with AAA.

Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease: The Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

“…25 For IL-6, our findings are consistent with other studies also reporting generally null associations. 26,27,30 Our findings for fibrinogen are mostly inconsistent with other studies, as American, 30,33 Scottish, 31 Greek, 32 and Japanese 35 cohort studies have shown significant positive associations between SHS exposure and fibrinogen. Our study, however, is consistent with another study that found no association between SHS exposure (evaluated by serum cotinine) with fibrinogen among 3221 NHANES (1999)(2000)(2001)(2002) participants aged 20 years and older.…”

“…51 Several studies have assessed the relationship between SHS and hsCRP. Among adults, SHS exposure was associated with hsCRP levels in most studies, 27,[29][30][31][32] although a few studies found no association. 26,28,33 Among children and adolescents, SHS was positively associated with hsCRP in National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 24 but not in other smaller studies.…”

“…[18][19][20] With mostly supportive findings, a larger body of evidence is available for the association between SHS exposure and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), including studies among adolescents, [21][22][23][24] pregnant women, 25 and adults. [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] Studies evaluating the association between self-reported or biomarker-based SHS exposure and fibrinogen have generally shown consistent positive associations. 28,[30][31][32][33]35 For interleukin-6 (IL-6), the evidence is largely null, although most studies are small.…”

“…[26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] Studies evaluating the association between self-reported or biomarker-based SHS exposure and fibrinogen have generally shown consistent positive associations. 28,[30][31][32][33]35 For interleukin-6 (IL-6), the evidence is largely null, although most studies are small. 26,27,30 The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) was specifically designed to assess subclinical CVD and its risk factors among an ethnically diverse cohort from 6 urban communities around the United States.…”

Secondhand smoke exposure and risk of incident peripheral arterial disease and mortality: a Scotland-wide retrospective cohort study of 4045 non-smokers with cotinine measurement

“…Household response rates were 81% in 1995, 76% in 1998, 68% in 2003, and 61%–64% between 2008 and 2010 [ 20 ]. The methodology has been described in detail previously [ 16 , 21 ]. Briefly, a two-stage process was used: a face-to-face interview was conducted by trained staff during which they collected information on demographics (including age, sex, postcode of residence, education, employment and income) and lifestyle (including alcohol intake, physical activity and smoking status) via computer assisted personal interviewing (CAPI), followed by a visit by a nurse who collected measurements (including height, weight and blood pressure) using standard operating procedures.…”