Association Between Recalled Exposure to Gender Identity Conversion Efforts and Psychological Distress and Suicide Attempts Among Transgender Adults

Turban, Jack L.; Beckwith, Noor; Reisner, Sari L.; Keuroghlian, Alex S.

doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.2285

Cited by 142 publications

(161 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…24 Additional research is needed to further explicate the associations we have observed between race, income, and SOCE experiences. Many transgender people are exposed to gender identity change efforts or “reparative practices”; 17,25 thus, the higher rates of SOCE among trans respondents to this survey may be explained by the “double stigma” experienced by those who simultaneously occupy sexual minority and gender minority social positions. This intersection of identities and effects serves as a reminder that efforts to stem SOCE should also address the ways in which trans people are disproportionately exposed to practices attempting to alter their gender identity (and possibly also their sexual orientation) and/or delay or impede a medical or social transition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Prevalence of Exposure to Sexual Orientation Change Efforts and Associated Sociodemographic Characteristics and Psychosocial Health Outcomes among Canadian Sexual Minority Men

et al. 2020

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Objective: Sexual orientation change efforts (SOCE), or “conversion therapy,” are pseudoscientific practices intended to suppress or deny sexual attraction to members of the same gender/sex. There are currently no data available to inform estimates of the prevalence of SOCE exposure in Canada. The objective of this study is therefore to describe the prevalence, social–demographic correlates, and health consequences of SOCE among Canadian sexual minority men. Methods: Sex Now 2011 to 2012 was a cross-sectional nonprobability survey of Canadian sexual minority men. Respondents were asked about lifetime SOCE exposure. We estimated prevalence of SOCE exposure by sociodemographic characteristics and examined psychosocial health outcomes among those exposed to SOCE. Results: Of N = 8,388 respondents, 3.5% (95% confidence interval, 3.2% to 4.1%) reported having ever been exposed to SOCE. Exposure to SOCE was higher among gay men (as compared with bisexual men), transgender respondents (as compared with cisgender respondents), those who were “out” about their sexuality (as compared with those who were not “out”), Indigenous men (as compared with White men), other racial minorities (as compared with White men), and those earning a personal income <$30,000 (as compared with those earning ≥$60,000 CAD). Exposure to SOCE was positively associated with loneliness, regular illicit drug use, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempt. Conclusions: SOCE exposure remains prevalent and associated with substantial psychosocial morbidity among sexual minority men in Canada. All levels of government in Canada should consider action to ban SOCE. SOCE survivors likely require intervention and support from the Canadian health-care system.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Prevalence of Exposure to Sexual Orientation Change Efforts and Associated Sociodemographic Characteristics and Psychosocial Health Outcomes among Canadian Sexual Minority Men

et al. 2020

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“…The rate of regret, detransition, and desistance from transgender identification is largely unknown (Butler & Hutchinson, 2020). The majority of patients with classical, childhoodonset gender dysphoria (61%-98%) desist from transgender identification some time in adolescence or young adulthood (Korte et al, 2008;Steensma, McGuire, Kreukels, Beekman, & Cohen-Kettenis, 2013;Zucker, 2018). The minority who persist with their transgender identification into adulthood and undergo "gender-affirmative" surgeries have been reported to have low rates of regret (van de Grift, Elaut, Cerwenka, Cohen-Kettenis, & Kreukels, 2018) and detransition (Dhejne, Öberg, Arver, & Landén, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One Size Does Not Fit All: In Support of Psychotherapy for Gender Dysphoria

et al. 2020

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“…In addition, a 2019 Canadian survey with trans people estimated that 11% have experienced conversion therapy at some time in their lives (21), likely a low estimate given the narrower de nition used. In the United States (US), empirical data suggest a lifetime prevalence of SOGIECE exposure of 7-18% among sexual minority (i.e., non-heterosexual) people (4,5) and 14% among trans, non-binary, and other gender minority (i.e., non-cisgender) people (6). Approximately half of SGM people exposed to SOGIECE were subjected to these change efforts during childhood or adolescence (4,5).…”

Section: The Prevalence Of Sogiecementioning

confidence: 99%

“…SOGIECE settings include religious sites, private and unregulated counsellor's o ces, businesses, and licensed healthcare professional o ces, among others (3)(4)(5). Despite the increasing marginalization of professional-conducted SOGIECE in recent years, particularly for gender identity and expression change efforts, many healthcare professionals lack training and support to deliver gender-a rming care and may seek ways to deter their patients from transitioning from the gender aligned with their sex assigned at birth (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11). Accordingly, our de nition of SOGIECE includes practices that delay transition for trans and non-binary people.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The scope and nature of sexual orientation and gender identity and expression change efforts: A systematic review protocol

Kinitz

Salway

Dromer

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Sexual orientation and gender identity and expression change efforts (SOGIECE) are a set of scientifically discredited practices that aim to deny and suppress the sexual orientations, gender identities, and/or gender expressions of sexual and gender minorities (SGMs). SOGIECE are associated with significant adverse health and social outcomes. SOGIECE continue to be practiced around the world, despite denouncements from professional bodies and survivors, as well as calls for legislative advocacy to prohibit SOGIECE and protect SGMs. There are substantial gaps in the availability of consolidated international research to support and refine legislative proposals related to SOGIECE, including those currently underway to enforce bans in Canada and elsewhere.We therefore propose the first systematic review of international data on SOGIECE that will outline the scope and nature of these practices worldwide. Specifically, we aim to estimate how many SGMs have been exposed to SOGIECE, which sub-groups of SGMs experience higher rates of SOGIECE, and how estimates of SOGIECE vary over time and place. In addition, we aim to describe when, where, how, and under what circumstances SGMs are exposed to SOGIECE.Methods: To locate an interdisciplinary swath of papers, nine (9) bibliographic databases will be searched: Medline (OVID), Embase (OVID), PsycINFO and Social Work Abstracts via EBSCO, Web of Science Core Collection, LGBT Life with Fulltext, Proquest Dissertations & Theses Global and Sociology Collection (ProQuest). A gold standard search will be developed for Medline and adapted to the other databases. Grey literature will be searched at relevant websites, and reference harvesting will be performed in relevant SOGIECE scientific consensus statements. Two authors will independently screen abstracts/titles, screen full texts, abstract data, and apply risk of bias assessments. A narrative synthesis will be implemented to summarize findings.Discussion: This review will address the gap in synthesized data regarding the prevalence of SOGIECE, social correlates of SOGIECE, variations of SOGIECE over time and place, and the circumstances, settings, and time-points of SOGIECE exposure. Findings from this review will directly inform ongoing and new legislative efforts to ban SOGIECE and other interventions that aim to stem SOGIECE practices and support SOGIECE survivors. Systematic Review Registration: Prospective registration with PROSPERO will occur before completion of full-text screening.

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Association Between Recalled Exposure to Gender Identity Conversion Efforts and Psychological Distress and Suicide Attempts Among Transgender Adults

Abstract: Association between recalled exposure to gender identity conversion efforts and psychological distress and suicide attempts among transgender adults.

Cited by 142 publications

References 30 publications

Prevalence of Exposure to Sexual Orientation Change Efforts and Associated Sociodemographic Characteristics and Psychosocial Health Outcomes among Canadian Sexual Minority Men

Prevalence of Exposure to Sexual Orientation Change Efforts and Associated Sociodemographic Characteristics and Psychosocial Health Outcomes among Canadian Sexual Minority Men

One Size Does Not Fit All: In Support of Psychotherapy for Gender Dysphoria

The scope and nature of sexual orientation and gender identity and expression change efforts: A systematic review protocol

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