Abstract:IMPORTANCEChildren exposed to a high level of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) are more likely to develop fetal alcohol spectrum disorder with adverse phenotypes on their faces. However, it is still poorly understood, which level of PAE is associated with facial manifestation and if such associations persist during childhood.OBJECTIVETo examine the association between PAE and children’s facial phenotype in a prospective multi-ethnic population-based study.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSThis study was based on… Show more
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