Association between polycystic ovarian syndrome and endometrial, ovarian, and breast cancer

Abstract

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder among the women of reproductive age. We conducted a nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study to analyze the association between PCOS and the subsequent development of gynecological cancers, namely endometrial, breast, and ovarian cancer.For this population-based cohort study, we used the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, which contains information on approximately 24.7 million insured individuals. The cohort included women who had received a diagnosis of PCOS between 1998 and 2013. An age-matched systematic random-sampling method with a ratio of 1:4 was used for patient selection for the non-PCOS reference cohort. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to determine the effects of PCOS on the risks of gynecologic and breast cancer. The data are presented as hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).The PCOS cohort consisted of 8155 patients with PCOS, and the comparison cohort consisted of 32,620 matched patients without PCOS. The incidence of endometrial cancer was 226 and 15 per 100,000 person-years in the PCOS and comparison groups, respectively. A statistically significant higher risk of endometrial cancer was found in the PCOS cohort (adjusted HR [aHR] = 17.7, 95% CI = 4.9–64.2) than in the comparison cohort. However, no association was observed between PCOS and ovarian (aHR = 1.64, 95% CI: 0.63–4.27) or breast cancer (aHR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.58–1.65).The results of this large population-based cohort study supported the premise that women with PCOS might have an increased risk of endometrial cancer, but no association between PCOS and the risks of ovarian and breast cancer was found.

Towards a circulating marker of hepato‐visceral fat excess: S100A4 in adolescent girls with polycystic ovary syndrome — Evidence from randomized clinical trials

“…The present findings establish adolescent PCOS as condition combining central fat excess (even in the absence of obesity) with high circulating concentrations of S100A4, a protein that is long known to enhance the metastatic progression of a variety of cancers. These findings may be relevant in view of the evidence that young women with PCOS are at high risk (up to 18‐fold) for developing endometrial carcinoma, which happens to be the most BMI dependent among human cancers . If future studies indicate that chronic hepato‐visceral adiposity and prolonged elevation of circulating S100A4 should no longer be viewed as innocent epiphenomena but as core PCOS features, then there may be a rationale to explore whether early SPIOMET‐like interventions can reduce the incidence and/or improve the outcome of endometrial carcinoma in young women with PCOS and perhaps of other cancers related to hepatic and/or visceral adiposity .…”

Risk of Psoriasis in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A National Population-Based Cohort Study

“…Obesity is common in PCOS patients and correlates to insulin resistance [ 2 ]. Furthermore, elevated androgen may further contribute insulin resistance [ 3 ]. Hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia and dysglycemia (fasting glucose > 100 mg/dL) resulted from insulin resistance in PCOS patients [ 3 ].…”

Human immunodeficiency: Extragonadal comorbidities of infertility in women

“…However, studies have failed to find significant relationship. [69][70][71] Assistive reproductive technology is also chiefly associated with the development of breast cancer due to induction of hormones. 72 Women with mutations in BRAC (breast cancer) genes are seen to have decreased ovarian reserved and response rate as compared with controls, marked by the reduction in anti-Müllerian hormone concentrations.…”