Association between plasma phospholipid omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and type 2 diabetes is sex dependent: The Hunter Community Study

Abbott, Kylie; Burrows, Tracy; Thota, Rohith N.; Alex, Anu; Acharya, Shamasunder; Attia, John; McEvoy, Mark; Garg, Manohar L.

doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2019.04.007

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In this study, erythrocytic DPA concentrations after PO administration were significantly elevated compared to the other two groups. This result is in tandem with a previous finding [56]. By the fatty acid elongase 2 enzyme, the increased amounts of EPA resulted in DPA changes, which may act as long chain n-3 PUFA reservoirs in humans, incorporated into lipids components [43,57,58].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Effects of marine-derived and plant-derived omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on erythrocyte fatty acid composition in type 2 diabetic patients

Liu

Wang²,

Liu³

et al. 2022

Lipids Health Dis

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Background Dietary fatty acids intake affects the composition of erythrocyte fatty acids, which is strongly correlated with glycolipid metabolism disorders. This study aimed at investigating the different effects of marine-derived and plant-derived omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) on the fatty acids of erythrocytes and glycolipid metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods The randomized double-blinded trial that was performed on 180 T2DM patients. The participants were randomly assigned to three groups for the six-month intervention. The participants were randomly assigned to three groups for the six-month intervention. The fish oil (FO) group was administered with FO at a dose of 3 g/day containing eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the perilla oil (PO) group was administered with PO at a dose of 3 g/day containing α-linolenic (ALA), the linseed and fish oil (LFO) group was administered with mixed linseed and fish oil at a dose of 3 g/day containing EPA, DHA and ALA. Demographic information were collected and anthropometric indices, glucose and lipid metabolism indexes, erythrocyte fatty acid composition were measured. Statistical analyses were performed using two-way ANOVA. Results A total of 150 patients finished the trial, with 52 of them in the FO group, 50 in the PO group and 48 in the LFO group. There were significant effects of time × treatment interaction on fast blood glucose (FBG), insulin, HOMA-IR and C-peptide, TC and triglyceride (TG) levels (P < 0.001). Glucose and C-peptide in PO and LFO groups decreased significantly and serum TG in FO group significantly decreased (P < 0.001) after the intervention. Erythrocyte C22: 5 n-6, ALA, DPA, n-6/n-3 PUFA, AA/EPA levels in the PO group were significantly higher than FO and LFO groups, while EPA, total n-3 PUFA and Omega-3 index were significantly higher in the FO and LFO groups compared to PO group. Conclusion Supplementation with perilla oil decreased FBG while fish oil supplementation decreased the TG level. Marine-based and plant-based n-3 PUFAs exhibit different effects on fatty acid compositions of erythrocytes and regulated glycolipid metabolism. Trial registration This trial was recorded under Chinese Clinical Trial Registry Center (NO: ChiCTR-IOR-16008435) on May 28 2016.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Effects of marine-derived and plant-derived omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on erythrocyte fatty acid composition in type 2 diabetic patients

Liu

Wang²,

Liu³

et al. 2022

Lipids Health Dis

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“…The Omega-3 Index and blood levels of long-chain n -3 PUFAs were negatively correlated with BMI and glucose in previous cross-sectional studies [ 13 , 16 , 20 , 21 , 38 ]. Moreover, BMI may modulate the negative association of blood levels of long-chain n -3 PUFAs with the risk of T2D [ 39 ]. Qian et al [ 11 ] reported the stronger negative association of long-chain n -3 PUFAs with the risk of T2D in participants with BMI over 30 kg/m 2 than under (relative risk: 0.70, 0.86, respectively).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Omega-3 Index and Hyperglycemia Depending on Body Mass Index among Adults in the United States

Harris

Tintle

et al. 2022

Nutrients

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There is inconsistency regarding the association between long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n3) and the risk of type 2 diabetes. The present study aimed to investigate the association between the Omega-3 Index (erythrocyte EPA + DHA) and glycemic status as a function of body mass index (BMI). Cross-sectional data from routine clinical laboratory testing with a total of 100,572 people aged over 18 years and BMI ≥ 18.5 kg/m2 were included. Of the patients, 10% were hyperglycemic (fasting plasma glucose levels ≥ 126 mg/dL) and 24.7% were of normal weight, 35.0% were overweight, and 40.3% were obese. Odds ratios (ORs) of being hyperglycemic were inversely associated with the Omega-3 Index, but weakened as BMI increased. Thus, ORs (95% CI) comparing quintile 5 with quintile 1 were 0.54 (0.44–0.66) in the normal weight group, 0.70 (0.61–0.79) in the overweight group, and 0.74 (0.67–0.81) in the obese group. Similar patterns were seen for EPA and DHA separately. The present study suggested that a low Omega-3 Index is associated with a greater risk of disordered glucose metabolism and this is independent of BMI.

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“…Several prospective and observational studies have reported relationships between PUFAs and risk of T2DM, but few studies have focused on sex-specific differences in these associations. Abbott et al were among the first to address the sex differences in the associations between PUFA biomarkers and T2DM among the Western population (30). Further, in the RHLS (Retirement Health and Lifestyle Study) (31) and a meta-analysis of RCTs (32), the authors reported significant inverse relationships between n-3 PUFAs and both insulin resistance and T2DM in women but not men, indicating a clear sex-specific difference and suggesting a protective effect of n-3 PUFAs on insulin resistance and T2DM in the female population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Abbott et al were among the first to address the sex differences in the associations between PUFA biomarkers and T2DM among the Western population (30). Further, in the RHLS (Retirement Health and Lifestyle Study) (31) and a meta-analysis of RCTs (32), the authors reported significant inverse relationships between n-3 PUFAs and both insulin resistance and T2DM in women but not men, indicating a clear sex-specific difference and suggesting a protective effect of n-3 PUFAs on insulin resistance and T2DM in the female population. However, in a prospective cohort comprising only 2189 middle-aged and older Finnish men, Yary et al found that serum n-6 PUFAs, including linoleic acid and arachidonic acid, were inversely associated with the risk of incident T2DM (15); compared to the lowest quartile, men in the highest serum linoleic acid and arachidonic acid quartiles had a 48 and 38% lower hazard ratio of incident T2DM, respectively (15).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex-Specific Differences in the Associations Between Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Type 2 Diabetes in Chinese People

Shen²,

Li³

et al. 2021

Front. Nutr.

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Background: Some evidence indicates a potential beneficial effect of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFAs) on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); however, the findings to date remains inconclusive and little is known about whether sex modifies these associations. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate potential sex-specific differences in this associations among Chinese adults.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in an area of Dalian city, China; Chinese men and women who attended the Department of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism between January and December 2020 were invited to participate in this study. All participants were assessed for basic demographic characteristics, fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, and other serum biomarkers and serum phospholipid FAs.Results: In total, 575 Chinese adult participants (270 men and 305 women) were included in the analysis. Hypertension and dyslipidaemia were more common among men than women, but there were no significant differences between the sexes in fatty acid composition, except for eicosadienoic acid (EA; 20:2n-6) and total monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). The age-adjusted OR for having T2DM in the highest quartile of arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) level was 0.47 (95% CI, 0.22, 0.98) in men, and this association remained consistently significant in the fully adjusted multivariate models. In contrast, no significant associations between n-6 PUFAs and T2DM risk were observed in women, regardless of model adjustment.Conclusions: In conclusion, these results demonstrate a notable sex-specific differences in the associations between n-6 PUFAs and T2DM. Higher n-6 PUFA status may be protective against the risk of T2DM in men.

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Association between plasma phospholipid omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and type 2 diabetes is sex dependent: The Hunter Community Study

Cited by 7 publications

References 35 publications

Effects of marine-derived and plant-derived omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on erythrocyte fatty acid composition in type 2 diabetic patients

Effects of marine-derived and plant-derived omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on erythrocyte fatty acid composition in type 2 diabetic patients

Association between Omega-3 Index and Hyperglycemia Depending on Body Mass Index among Adults in the United States

Sex-Specific Differences in the Associations Between Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Type 2 Diabetes in Chinese People

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