Association between plasma levels of transforming growth factor-β1, IL-23 and IL-17 and the severity of autism in Egyptian children

Hashim, Haitham M.; Abdelrahman, Hadeel M.; Mohammed, Doaa; Karam, Rehab A.

doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2012.08.007

Cited by 31 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Our TGF-β 1 levels found before AIT intervention are similar to those reported earlier [21,23] in typically developing children with autism, which significantly increased up to 105% 3 months after AIT with improvement in social behavioral functions. Taken together, these findings suggest that TGF-β 1 may play a role in the pathophysiology of ASD, although further work is needed to confirm these reports.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Given the key role of TGF-β 1 in brain development and inflammation, serum levels of TGF-β 1 were reported to be significantly lower in autistics than in age-and gender-matched controls [21,23]. The reduced TGF-β 1 levels may lead to inappropriate regulation of immune responses as well as the development of neuroinflammation in ASD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hashim et al [23] found that TGF-β 1 levels were significantly decreased in the plasma of ASD children in comparison to controls. Similar results were reported by other studies in patients with ASD [22,24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of Auditory Integrative Training on Transforming Growth Factor-β<sub>1</sub> and Its Effect on Behavioral and Social Emotions in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Al-Ayadhi¹,

Alhowikan

Halepoto³

2018

Med Princ Pract

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Objective: To explore the impact of auditory integrative training (AIT) on the inflammatory biomarker transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and to assess its effect on social behavior in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Subjects and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 15 patients (14 males and 1 female) with ASD aged 3-12 years were recruited. All were screened for autism using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Plasma levels of TGF-β1 were measured in all patients using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) immediately and 1 and 3 months after the AIT sessions. Pre- and post-AIT behavioral scores were also calculated for each child using the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), and the Short Sensory Profile (SSP). Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS 21.0 for Windows). Results: Plasma levels of TGF-β1 significantly increased to 85% immediately after AIT (20.13 ± 12 ng/mL, p < 0.05), to 95% 1 month after AIT (21.2 ± 11 ng/mL, p < 0.01), and to 105% 3 months after AIT (22.25 ± 16 ng/mL, p < 0.01) compared to before AIT (10.85 ± 8 ng/mL). Results also revealed that behavioral rating scales (CARS, SRS, and SSP) improved in terms of disease severity after AIT. Conclusion: Increased plasma levels of TGF-β1 support the therapeutic effect of AIT on TGF-β1 followed by improvement in social awareness, social cognition, and social communication in children with ASD. Furthermore, TGF-β1 was associated with severity in all scores tested (CARS, SRS, and SSP); if confirmed in studies with larger sample sizes, TGF-β1 may be considered as a marker of ASD severity and to assess the efficacy of therapeutic interventions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of Auditory Integrative Training on Transforming Growth Factor-β<sub>1</sub> and Its Effect on Behavioral and Social Emotions in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Al-Ayadhi¹,

Alhowikan

Halepoto³

2018

Med Princ Pract

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“…In what appears to be an important extension of previous studies, our findings are the first to show significantly reduced concentrations of CXCL9 in children with ASD compared to TD controls. The reduced levels of CXCL9 may be related to the slight decrease in the levels of the Th1-related chemokine CXCL10 in the ASD and ASD + ADHD groups, given that CXCL9 is a chemokine that is structurally and functionally related to CXCL10, which binds to a common inflammatory chemokine receptor, CXCR3, to coordinate inflammation in a variety of human diseases (9, 33). In fact, a positive correlation was found between levels of CXCL9 and CXCL10 in the present study, r = 0.35, p = 0.04, indicating that both of these chemokines may have important implications in the inflammatory mechanism in ASD, in that their levels of production show similar patterns.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct Cytokine and Chemokine Profiles in Autism Spectrum Disorders

et al. 2017

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Previous studies have shown that immunological factors are involved in the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). However, this research has been conducted almost exclusively in Western contexts, and only a handful of studies on immune measures have been conducted in Asian populations, such as Chinese populations. The present study examined whether immunological abnormalities are associated with cognitive deficits and problem behaviors in Chinese children with ASD and whether these children show different immunological profiles. Thirteen typically developing (TD) children and 22 children with ASD, aged 6–17 years, participated voluntarily in the study. Executive functions and short-term memory were measured using neuropsychological tests, and behavioral measures were assessed using parent ratings. The children were also assessed on immunological measures, specifically, the levels of cytokines and chemokines in the blood serum. Children with ASD showed greater deficits in cognitive functions, as well as altered levels of immunological measures, including CCL2, CCL5, and CXCL9 levels, compared to TD children, and the cognitive functions and associated behavioral deficits of children with ASD were significantly associated with different immunological measures. The children were further sub-classified into ASD with only autistic features (ASD-only) or ASD comorbid with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ASD + ADHD). The comorbidity results showed that there were no differences between the two groups of ASD children in any of the cognitive or behavioral measures. However, the results pertaining to immunological measures showed that the children with ASD-only and ASD + ADHD exhibited distinct cytokine and chemokine profiles and that abnormal immunologic function was associated with cognitive functions and inattention/hyperactivity symptoms. These results support the notion that altered immune functions may play a role in the selective cognitive and behavioral symptoms of ASD.

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“…Hashim et al found significantly lower levels of TGF‐β and IL‐23 among children with ASD in comparison with the control group . Furthermore, they did not find a significant difference in IL‐17 levels in children with ASD than the control group …”

Section: Role Of Inflammation In the Pathophysiology Of Npdmentioning

confidence: 96%

Hypothesis: High salt intake as an inflammation amplifier might be involved in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders

Abdoli

2017

Clinical & Exp Neuroim

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Salt is an important macronutrient that plays pivotal roles in physiological and pathophysiological conditions. High salt intake is an important cause of hypertension, cardiovascular disease and stroke. However, recent investigations uncovered the role of excessive salt intake in the induction of severe inflammatory reactions through augmentation of T helper-17 pathway and their inflammatory cytokines. In contrast, numerous studies have shown the role of inflammation in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders (NPD). Here, it is hypothesized that high salt intake can increase the risk of NPD through salt-derived neural inflammations. Therefore, this hypothesis suggests that low-salt intake can decrease the risk of NPD. The present review discusses the potential role of excessive salt intake in the pathophysiology of NPD.

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Association between plasma levels of transforming growth factor-β1, IL-23 and IL-17 and the severity of autism in Egyptian children

Cited by 31 publications

References 33 publications

Impact of Auditory Integrative Training on Transforming Growth Factor-β<sub>1</sub> and Its Effect on Behavioral and Social Emotions in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Impact of Auditory Integrative Training on Transforming Growth Factor-β<sub>1</sub> and Its Effect on Behavioral and Social Emotions in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Distinct Cytokine and Chemokine Profiles in Autism Spectrum Disorders

Hypothesis: High salt intake as an inflammation amplifier might be involved in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders

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