Association between Physical Activity Levels and Brain Volumes in Adults Visiting Radio-Imaging Center of Tertiary Care Hospital

Raja, Deepika; Ravichandran, Sneha; Chandrasekaran, Baskaran; Kadavigere, Rajagopal; Babu, M. G. Ramesh; Almeshari, Meshari; Alyahyawi, Amjad; Alzamil, Yasser; Abanomy, Ahmad; Sukumar, Suresh

doi:10.3390/ijerph192417079

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 30 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…The potential mechanisms linking sedentary behavior with cognitive function are poorly understood. Previous studies have suggested that less sedentary time (or more physical activity) is associated with fewer brain lesions such as brain atrophy and white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) [15,16]. In addition, the extent of brain atrophy and WMHs has been associated with accelerated cognitive impairment and dementia in middle-aged and older adults [17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accelerometer-Measured Sedentary Behavior Patterns, Brain Structure, and Cognitive Function in Dementia-Free Older Adults: A Population-Based Study

Han,

Song,

et al. 2023

JAD

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Background: Sedentary behavior is associated with cognitive impairment, but the neuropathological mechanisms underlying their associations are poorly understood. Objective: To investigate the associations of accelerometer-measured sedentary behavior patterns with brain structure and cognition, and further to explore the potential mechanisms. Methods: This community-based study included 2,019 older adults (age≥60 years, 59% women) without dementia derived from participants in the baseline examination of MIND-China (2018–2020). We assessed sedentary parameters using an accelerometer and cognitive function using a neuropsychological test battery. Structural brain markers were assessed on the structural brain MRI scans in a subsample (n = 1,009). Data were analyzed using the general linear, isotemporal substitution, and mediation models. Results: In the total sample (n = 2,019), adjusting for multiple covariates and moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity, longer mean sedentary bout duration was linearly related with lower z-scores of global cognition, verbal fluency, and memory (ptrend < 0.05), whereas greater total sedentary time was linearly associated with lower z-scores of global cognition, verbal fluency, and memory only among individuals with long sedentary time (>10 h/day) (ptrend < 0.05); Breaking up sedentary time with same amount of light-intensity physical activity was significantly associated with higher verbal fluency and memory z-scores (p < 0.05). In the MRI subsample (n = 1,009), separately entering structural brain MRI markers into the mediation models substantially attenuated the associations of mean sedentary bout duration with global cognition, verbal fluency, and memory z-scores. Conclusion: Prolonged uninterrupted sedentary time is associated with poor global cognition, memory, and verbal fluency among rural older adults, and structural brain markers could partially mediate the association.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accelerometer-Measured Sedentary Behavior Patterns, Brain Structure, and Cognitive Function in Dementia-Free Older Adults: A Population-Based Study

Han,

Song,

et al. 2023

JAD

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The Role of Cognitive Reserve in Protecting Cerebellar Volumes of Older Adults with mild Cognitive Impairment

Devita,

Debiasi,

Anglani

et al. 2024

Cerebellum

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The present study aims to investigate the relationship between cerebellar volumes and cognitive reserve in individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). A description of proxies of cerebellar cognitive reserve in terms of different volumes across lobules is also provided. 36 individuals with MCI underwent neuropsychological (MoCA, MMSE, Clock test, CRIq) assessment and neuroimaging acquisition with magnetic resonance imaging at 3 T. Simple linear correlations were applied between cerebellar volumes and cognitive measures. Multiple linear regression models were then used to estimate standardized regression coefficients and 95% confidence intervals. Simple linear correlations between cerebellar lobules volumes and cognitive features highlighted a significant association between CRIq_Working activity and specific motor cerebellar volumes: Left_V (ρ = 0.40, p = 0.02), Right_V (r = 0.42, p = 0.002), Vermis_VIIIb (ρ = 0.47, p = 0.003), Left_X (ρ = -0.46, p = 0.002) and Vermis_X (r = 0.35, p = 0.03). Furthermore, CRIq_Working activity scores correlated with certain cerebellar lobules implicated in cognition: Left_Crus_II, Vermis VIIb, Left_IX. MMSE was associated only with the Right_VIIB volume (r = 0.35, p = 0.02), while Clock Drawing Test scores correlated with both Left_Crus_I and Right_Crus_I (r = -0.42 and r = 0.42, p = 0.02, respectively). This study suggests that a higher cognitive reserve is associated with specific cerebellar lobule volumes and that Working activity may play a predominant role in this association. These findings contribute to the understanding of the relationship between cerebellar volumes and cognitive reserve, highlighting the potential modulatory role of Working activity on cerebellum response to cognitive decline. Graphical Abstract

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Exercise-Related Physical Activity Relates to Brain Volumes in 10,125 Individuals

Raji,

Meysami,

Hashemi

et al. 2024

JAD

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Background: The potential neuroprotective effects of regular physical activity on brain structure are unclear, despite links between activity and reduced dementia risk. Objective: To investigate the relationships between regular moderate to vigorous physical activity and quantified brain volumes on magnetic resonance neuroimaging. Methods: A total of 10,125 healthy participants underwent whole-body MRI scans, with brain sequences including isotropic MP-RAGE. Three deep learning models analyzed axial, sagittal, and coronal views from the scans. Moderate to vigorous physical activity, defined by activities increasing respiration and pulse rate for at least 10 continuous minutes, was modeled with brain volumes via partial correlations. Analyses adjusted for age, sex, and total intracranial volume, and a 5% Benjamini-Hochberg False Discovery Rate addressed multiple comparisons. Results: Participant average age was 52.98±13.04 years (range 18–97) and 52.3% were biologically male. Of these, 7,606 (75.1%) reported engaging in moderate or vigorous physical activity approximately 4.05±3.43 days per week. Those with vigorous activity were slightly younger (p < 0.00001), and fewer women compared to men engaged in such activities (p = 3.76e-15). Adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, and multiple comparisons, increased days of moderate to vigorous activity correlated with larger normalized brain volumes in multiple regions including: total gray matter (Partial R = 0.05, p = 1.22e-7), white matter (Partial R = 0.06, p = 9.34e-11), hippocampus (Partial R = 0.05, p = 5.96e-7), and frontal, parietal, and occipital lobes (Partial R = 0.04, p≤1.06e-5). Conclusions: Exercise-related physical activity is associated with increased brain volumes, indicating potential neuroprotective effects.

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Association between Physical Activity Levels and Brain Volumes in Adults Visiting Radio-Imaging Center of Tertiary Care Hospital

Cited by 3 publications

References 30 publications

Accelerometer-Measured Sedentary Behavior Patterns, Brain Structure, and Cognitive Function in Dementia-Free Older Adults: A Population-Based Study

Accelerometer-Measured Sedentary Behavior Patterns, Brain Structure, and Cognitive Function in Dementia-Free Older Adults: A Population-Based Study

The Role of Cognitive Reserve in Protecting Cerebellar Volumes of Older Adults with mild Cognitive Impairment

Exercise-Related Physical Activity Relates to Brain Volumes in 10,125 Individuals

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