Association between phthalate exposure and glutathione S-transferase M1 polymorphism in adenomyosis, leiomyoma and endometriosis

Abstract

These results suggest that both GSTM1 null and phthalate exposure are associated with AD and LEI. Larger studies are warranted to investigate potential interaction between GSTM1 null and phthalate exposure in the etiology of estrogen-dependent gynecologic conditions.

Analysis of the in�vitro effects of di‑(2‑ethylhexyl) phthalate exposure on human uterine leiomyoma cells

“…Given that uterine leiomyoma is the most common gynecological disease, it is necessary to determine whether exposure to phthalate is associated with leiomyoma risk. A previous study suggested a possible association of increased urinary level of phthalate metabolites with the risk of uterine leiomyoma (39). However, to the best of our knowledge, no study on the effects of phthalate on human leiomyoma cells has been reported.…”

The associations between the Val158Met in the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene and the risk of uterine leiomyoma (ULM)

“…A large number of genes have been suggested to be associated with risk of ULM, and the COMT gene is one of them (Cong et al, 2012;Huang et al, 2010;Je et al, 2012). The Val158Met polymorphism in the COMT gene has been identified to be associated with risk of ULM, but the results were inconclusive (Al-Hendy and Salama, 2006b; Denschlag et al, 2006;Gooden et al, 2007).…”

Polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) and T1 (GSTT1) and endometriosis risk: a meta-analysis

“…The selected study characteristics are listed in Table 1. Of all the studies, 72.2% investigated both GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms [10][11][12][13][17][18][19][20][22][23][24][25]27], 17.8% concerned only GSTM1 polymorphism [14][15][16]21,26]; eight were carried out in Caucasian subjects [10,12,14,18,[20][21][22][23], 10 in Asian populations [11,13,[15][16][17]19,[24][25][26][27]; and hospital subjects were used as controls in 15 studies whereas general population were controls in 3 studies [20,21,25]; as well as 11 selected cases with mixed revised American Fertility Society (rAFS) stages, 7 with complete advanced rAFS stages (rAFS III/IV) [13,17,19,22,[25][26][27].…”

“…We therefore performed a meta-analysis of all eligible case-control studies to investigate the genetic effects of these polymorphisms and endometriosis risk [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27].…”