Association between periodontal disease and plasma levels of cholesterol and triglycerides

Abstract

Objective: Untreated periodontal disease seems to cause low grade systemic inflammation and blood lipid alteration leading to increased cardiovascular disease risk. To start testing this hypothesis in Colombian patients, a multicentre study was conducted including the three main state capitals: Bogotá, Medellín and Cali. Methods: In this study 192 (28.4%) advanced and 256 (37.8%) moderate periodontitis patients were investigated for socio-demographic variables, city of precedence, periodontal parameters, smoking, red complex periodontopathic bacteria, serum antibodies against Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and blood lipids including total cholesterol, HDL, LDL and triglycerides (TG). Those parameters were compared to 229 (33.8%) controls having periodontal health or gingivitis. Results: Advanced periodontitis had worst periodontal indexes, than moderate periodontitis and controls. Interestingly, higher HDL and TG levels were present in periodontitis. BMI <30 and smoking were associated with increased HDL, HDL-35, LDL and TG, while glycemia >100 mg/dL associated with HDL, HDL-35 and TG. Tannerella forsythia showed a significant association with HDL-35 in bivariate analysis and serum IgG1 against P. gingivalis associated with HDL-35 and serum IgG1 against T. forsythia associated with TG and serum IgG2 against A. actinomycetemcomitans correlated with levels of HDL y HDL-35. In logistic regression the periodontitis patients from Cali presented reduced HDL levels as compared to Bogotá and Medellín patients. Presence of IgG1 antibodies against P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans correlated with reduced HDL levels. Conclusion: This study confirmed that untreated periodontitis generates alteration in serum lipid levels and systemic bacterial exposure against important periodontopathic bacteria seems to be the biological link.

Periodontal microbiology in Latin America

“…In a similar study, Castillo et al (31) identified bacteria in peripheral blood after scaling and root planing in 55% of periodontitis patients; P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans were the periodontal pathogens most frequently identified. Jaramillo et al (102) studied the relationship between untreated periodontal disease and low-grade systemic inflammation and blood lipid alteration. A high IgG1 level against P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans may correlate with a reduced level of the anti-atherogenic high-density lipoprotein (102).…”

“…Jaramillo et al (102) studied the relationship between untreated periodontal disease and low-grade systemic inflammation and blood lipid alteration. A high IgG1 level against P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans may correlate with a reduced level of the anti-atherogenic high-density lipoprotein (102). Moreno et al (139), in a recent study of P. gingivalis fimA genotypes, found no differences in genotype distribution among chronic periodontitis, gingivitis and healthy periodontium.…”

“…A healthy periodontium is important for overall oral health, but the increasing evidence that periodontitis also can have systemic consequences raises treatment of periodontal disease to a new level of importance (38,102,154,197). Periodontal disease has a global distribution, but is particularly prevalent and severe in low-income individuals.…”

Relationship between dental caries and metabolic syndrome among 13 998 middle‐aged urban Chinese

“…Dental caries is characterized by localized destruction of susceptible dental hard tissues, caused by bacterial fermentation of dietary carbohydrates. 9 An association between periodontal disease and dyslipidemia, 10 diabetes, 11 and cardiovascular disease 12 has been suggested. Similarly, the process of dental caries has been shown to directly or indirectly relate to cardiometabolic diseases and other systemic conditions.…”

Periodontal Microorganisms and Cardiovascular Risk Markers in Youth With Type 1 Diabetes and Without Diabetes

“…22 Periodontal damage occurs when there is an overgrowth of specific Gram-negative microorganisms in the oral cavity; 23 however, only a subset of these microorganisms (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola) are positively associated with atherosclerosis; 7,13 few studies have evaluated periodontal microorganisms in relation to CVD risk markers. 9,10 The mouth contains several hundred microorganisms, >50 of which have been linked with periodontal disease. 23 Microorganisms linked to periodontal disease are ubiquitous, but in diseased states, specific microorganisms tend to proliferate and group together in distinct patterns.…”