Association between peri-implantitis and systemic inflammation: a systematic review

Abstract

BackgroundPeri-implantitis is an infectious/inflammatory disease with similar clinical and radiographic features to periodontitis. Overwhelming evidence confirmed that periodontitis causes elevations in systemic inflammatory mediators; this is unclear for peri-implantitis. Hence, this study aimed to appraise all available evidence linking peri-implantitis with systemic inflammation.MethodsA systematic review was completed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Eight electronic databases (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Dentistry & Oral Sciences Source, Scopus, LILACS, and China Online), ClinicalTrials.gov, WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP), and gray literature were searched up to February 9, 2023. Human studies of randomized controlled trials, non-randomized intervention studies, cohort studies, case–control, and cross-sectional studies were eligible for inclusion. Quantitative analyses were performed using random effects models.ResultsA total of 27 full-text articles were retrieved, and 11 clinical studies were included in the final analyses. All evidence gathered demonstrated a consistent association between peri-implantitis and systemic inflammation. Patients with peri-implantitis exhibited higher levels of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) (standard mean difference (SMD): 4.68, 98.7% CI: 2.12 to 7.25), interleukin-6 (IL-6) (weighted mean difference (WMD): 6.27 pg/mL, 0% CI: 5.01 to 7.54), and white blood cell counts (WMD: 1.16 * 103/μL, 0% CI: 0.61 to 1.70) when compared to participants without peri-implantitis.ConclusionPeri-implantitis is associated with higher systemic inflammation as assessed by serum CRP, IL-6, and white blood cell counts. Further research is needed to clarify the nature of this association.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=246837, identifier CRD42021246837.

Vapor-Phase-Deposited Ag/Ir and Ag/Au Film Heterostructures for Implant Materials: Cytotoxic, Antibacterial and Histological Studies

“…Due to the high biocidal activity against about 650 strains of pathogenic microorganisms [1], AgNPs and Ag-containing coatings are used in biological and biomedical technologies [2]. In this regard, an important direction is to improve modern implant biomaterials to solve the problem of peri-implant inflammation and infections [3], which can lead to repeated operations [4]. This is especially dangerous for patients with weakened immune systems: the frequency of infections of endoprostheses in cancer patients reaches 66% [5].…”

Vacuum Ultraviolet (VUV) Light Photofunctionalization to Induce Human Oral Fibroblast Transmigration on Zirconia

“…All are placed transmucosally or mucosally with the expectation that gingival soft tissue will adhere, grow, and cover them to seal the zirconia interface and prevent bacterial invasion from the oral cavity. Nevertheless, periodontal disease and periimplantitis caused by bacterial infection are primary and increasing causes of tooth and implant failure [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39]. Indeed, gingival tissue rarely fully adheres to zirconia or titanium surfaces in clinical settings.…”

How Can Imbalance in Oral Microbiota and Immune Response Lead to Dental Implant Problems?

“…This results in the development of inflammation and excessive activation of the immune system, which translates into disturbances in the osseointegration process (resulting from the balance between the host's immune cells and the bone biomaterials used), the development of hypersensitivity to dental materials used in implantology, as well as in periimplantitis [4][5][6]. Periimplantitis is considered one of the most difficult biological complications in dentistry, resulting primarily from poor osseointegration, the occurrence of chronic inflammation, and changes in the diversity of the oral microbiota, which, if left untreated, may result in complete loss of implants and the development of systemic diseases [7,8]. The composition of the oral microbiota includes over 700 types of microorganisms [9], dependent on, among other things, diet or environmental conditions.…”

“…The composition of the oral microbiota includes over 700 types of microorganisms [9], dependent on, among other things, diet or environmental conditions. [7,8]. The composition of the oral microbiota includes over 700 types of microorganisms [9], dependent on, among other things, diet or environmental conditions.…”