Journal of the American College of Cardiology

2016

DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.02.063

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Association Between Peptidoglycan Recognition Protein-1 and Incident Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Events

Nicholas Brownell¹,

James A. de Lemos³

et al.

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Peptidoglycan1

Pathogen-associated Molecular Patterns1

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Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“… 1 High levels of circulating PGLYRP1 have been associated with subclinical atherosclerotic lesions and acute atherosclerotic disease. 2 , 3 , 4 Moreover, global gene expression profiling from patients with acute coronary diseases suggest that PGLYRP1 classifies among highly specific and sensitive diagnostic biomarkers for acute myocardial infarction (MI). 5 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of peptidoglycan recognition protein 1 to post‐myocardial infarction and periodontal inflammation: A subgroup report from the PAROKRANK (Periodontal Disease and the Relation to Myocardial Infarction) study

¹

,

²

,

³

et al. 2022

Journal of Periodontology

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Background: Peptidoglycan recognition protein 1 (PGLYRP1) is an antimicrobial and proinflammatory innate immunity protein activated during infections. We aimed to investigate whether PGYLRP1 and associated molecules of the immune response in saliva is a cumulative outcome result of both MI and periodontal inflammation. Methods and Results:Two hundred patients with MI and another 200 matched non-MI controls were included. A full-mouthexamination was conducted to assess periodontal inflammation and collection of stimulated saliva was performed 6 to 10 weeks after the first MI. PGLYRP1, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM-1), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) were analyzed by ELISA.Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8 levels were determined by IFMA. Compared to controls, MI patients showed higher salivary PGLYRP1, but not TREM-1 levels.The difference in PGLYRP1 levels remained after adjustment for covariates. In MI patients, the PGLYRP1 levels positively correlated with BOP and PPD 4 to 5 mm. Among non-MI subjects, the levels of PGLYRP1 correlated positively and significantly with BOP and total PPD. Salivary PGLYRP1 concentrations also showed strong positive correlations with levels of TREM-1, IL-1β and MMP-8. In multivariate linear regression analysis, in MI patients, BOP and former smokingstatus displayed an association with salivary PGLYRP1 concentration. Conclusion:MI patients showed higher salivary PGLYRP1 levels than healthy controls, also after adjusting for smoking, sex, age and periodontal health status. Salivary levels of PGLYRP1 may reflect the overall inflammatory burdenThis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

“… 1 High levels of circulating PGLYRP1 have been associated with subclinical atherosclerotic lesions and acute atherosclerotic disease. 2 , 3 , 4 Moreover, global gene expression profiling from patients with acute coronary diseases suggest that PGLYRP1 classifies among highly specific and sensitive diagnostic biomarkers for acute myocardial infarction (MI). 5 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of peptidoglycan recognition protein 1 to post‐myocardial infarction and periodontal inflammation: A subgroup report from the PAROKRANK (Periodontal Disease and the Relation to Myocardial Infarction) study

¹

,

²

,

³

et al. 2022

Journal of Periodontology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Peptidoglycan recognition protein 1 (PGLYRP1) is an antimicrobial and proinflammatory innate immunity protein activated during infections. We aimed to investigate whether PGYLRP1 and associated molecules of the immune response in saliva is a cumulative outcome result of both MI and periodontal inflammation. Methods and Results:Two hundred patients with MI and another 200 matched non-MI controls were included. A full-mouthexamination was conducted to assess periodontal inflammation and collection of stimulated saliva was performed 6 to 10 weeks after the first MI. PGLYRP1, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM-1), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) were analyzed by ELISA.Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8 levels were determined by IFMA. Compared to controls, MI patients showed higher salivary PGLYRP1, but not TREM-1 levels.The difference in PGLYRP1 levels remained after adjustment for covariates. In MI patients, the PGLYRP1 levels positively correlated with BOP and PPD 4 to 5 mm. Among non-MI subjects, the levels of PGLYRP1 correlated positively and significantly with BOP and total PPD. Salivary PGLYRP1 concentrations also showed strong positive correlations with levels of TREM-1, IL-1β and MMP-8. In multivariate linear regression analysis, in MI patients, BOP and former smokingstatus displayed an association with salivary PGLYRP1 concentration. Conclusion:MI patients showed higher salivary PGLYRP1 levels than healthy controls, also after adjusting for smoking, sex, age and periodontal health status. Salivary levels of PGLYRP1 may reflect the overall inflammatory burdenThis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

“…PGN can also be recognized by PGN recognition protein-1 (PGLYRP-1) in the innate immune system. The level of circulating PGLYRP-1 is associated with AS, coronary artery calcification, thickening of the abdominal aorta, and acute coronary syndrome (Brownell et al, 2016;Han et al, 2021). PGLYRP1 may promote the formation of AS plaques by regulating the overexpression of adhesion molecules in endothelial cells (Jin et al, 2021).…”

Section: Peptidoglycanmentioning

confidence: 99%

PAMPs and DAMPs as the Bridge Between Periodontitis and Atherosclerosis: The Potential Therapeutic Targets

¹

,

²

,

³

2022

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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Atherosclerosis is a chronic artery disease characterized by plaque formation and vascular inflammation, eventually leading to myocardial infarction and stroke. Innate immunity plays an irreplaceable role in the vascular inflammatory response triggered by chronic infection. Periodontitis is a common chronic disorder that involves oral microbe-related inflammatory bone loss and local destruction of the periodontal ligament and is a risk factor for atherosclerosis. Periodontal pathogens contain numerous pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) such as lipopolysaccharide, CpG DNA, and Peptidoglycan, that initiate the inflammatory response of the innate immunity depending on the recognition of pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) of host cells. The immune-inflammatory response and destruction of the periodontal tissue will produce a large number of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) such as neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), alarmins (S100 protein), and which can further affect the progression of atherosclerosis. Molecular patterns have recently become the therapeutic targets for inflammatory disease, including blocking the interaction between molecular patterns and PRRs and controlling the related signal transduction pathway. This review summarized the research progress of some representative PAMPs and DAMPs as the molecular pathological mechanism bridging periodontitis and atherosclerosis. We also discussed possible ways to prevent serious cardiovascular events in patients with periodontitis and atherosclerosis by targeting molecular patterns.

“…Peptidoglycan recognition protein-1 (PGLYRP-1) is part of the innate immune system that binds peptidoglycan and has attracted the attention of a wide range of researchers. Rohatgi measured PGLYRP-1 in 3222 subjects and reported for the first time that its circulating levels were associated with widespread subclinical atherosclerosis in humans; Among 2,443 patients without cardiovascular disease at baseline, elevated levels of circulating PGLYRP-1 at baseline were independently associated with an increased risk of a first ASCVD event ( Rohatgi et al, 2009 ; Brownell et al, 2016 ), suggesting that the biological processes reflected by elevated PGLYRP-1 may be strongly associated with the development of clinical ASCVD.…”

Section: Pathogen-associated Molecular Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiome metabolites as key actors in atherosclerosis co-depression disease

¹

,

Wu²,

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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Cardiovascular diseases, mainly characterized by atherosclerosis (AS), and depression have a high comorbidity rate. However, previous studies have been conducted under a single disease, and there is a lack of studies in comorbid states to explore the commonalities in the pathogenesis of both diseases. Modern high-throughput technologies have made it clear that the gut microbiome can affect the development of the host’s own disorders and have shown that their metabolites are crucial to the pathophysiology of AS and depression. The aim of this review is to summarize the current important findings on the role of gut microbiome metabolites such as pathogen-associated molecular patterns, bile acids, tryptophan metabolites, short-chain fatty acids, and trimethylamine N -oxide in depression and AS disease, with the aim of identifying potential biological targets for the early diagnosis and treatment of AS co-depression disorders.

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