Association Between Pelvic Bone Computed Tomography-Derived Body Composition and Patient Outcomes in Older Adults With Proximal Femur Fracture

Abstract

Objective To investigate the association between pelvic bone computed tomography (CT)-derived body composition and patient outcomes in older adult patients who underwent surgery for proximal femur fractures. Materials and Methods We retrospectively identified consecutive patients aged ≥ 65 years who underwent pelvic bone CT and subsequent surgery for proximal femur fractures between July 2018 and September 2021. Eight CT metrics were calculated from the cross-sectional area and attenuation of the subcutaneous fat and muscle, including the thigh subcutaneous fat (TSF) index, TSF attenuation, thigh muscle (TM) index, TM attenuation, gluteus maximus (GM) index, GM attenuation, gluteus medius and minimus (Gmm) index, and Gmm attenuation. The patients were dichotomized using the median value of each metric. Multivariable Cox regression and logistic regression models were used to determine the association between CT metrics with overall survival (OS) and postsurgical intensive care unit (ICU) admission, respectively. Results A total of 372 patients (median age, 80.5 years; interquartile range, 76.0–85.0 years; 285 females) were included. TSF attenuation above the median (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 2.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.41–4.05), GM index below the median (adjusted HR, 2.63; 95% CI, 1.33–5.26), and Gmm index below the median (adjusted HR, 2.33; 95% CI, 1.12–4.55) were independently associated with shorter OS. TSF index (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 6.67; 95% CI, 3.13–14.29), GM index (adjusted OR, 3.45; 95% CI, 1.49–7.69), GM attenuation (adjusted OR, 2.33; 95% CI, 1.02–5.56), Gmm index (adjusted OR, 2.70; 95% CI, 1.22–5.88), and Gmm attenuation (adjusted OR, 2.22; 95% CI, 1.01–5.00) below the median were independently associated with ICU admission. Conclusion In older adult patients who underwent surgery for proximal femur fracture, low muscle indices of the GM and gluteus medius/minimus obtained from their cross-sectional areas on preoperative pelvic bone CT were significant prognostic markers for predicting high mortality and postsurgical ICU admission.