Association between parity and risk of suicide among parous women

Yang, Chun‐Yuh

doi:10.1503/cmaj.090813

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…The minimum model (Model 1) was built with stratification by 11 study areas to allow a different baseline hazard due to the varying distribution of suicide rates across Japan 32 . The second model (Model 2) was adjusted for a priori covariates and several reproductive factors as follows: body mass index (BMI, in kg/m 2 ; <21.9, 22 to 24.9, or ≥25) 33,34 ; smoking status (never or ever) 35 ; alcohol consumption (no, occasional, or regular) 36 ; perceived stress level (a little, average, or stressful) 37 ; living with spouse (no or yes) 38,39 ; past history of disease 35,40 , including cancer, stroke, heart disease, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension (no, or yes); parity 8 ; age at menarche 14 ; menopausal status 19 ; and exogenous hormone use 13 . Living with a spouse was used as a surrogate of marital status.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first report on a possible link between parity and suicide was Durkheim’s hypothesis in 1966, which suggested that parenthood rather than marriage per se was an important factor in protecting against suicide 4 . Reported or proposed protective factors for suicide include being pregnant 5,6 , having children 4,7 , ever or multi parity 8–12 , late age at first birth 8 , and never use of oral contraceptives (OCs) 13 . Similar results were also noted for deaths by accident 11,13–16 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Female reproductive factors and risk of external causes of death among women: The Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study (JPHC Study)

Tanaka

Abe²,

Sawada³

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Although empirical data suggest a possible link between female reproductive events and risk of nonfatal accidents and suicidal behaviors, evidence to determine these effects on mortality is scarce. This study investigated the association between female reproductive factors and the risk of external causes of death among middle-aged Japanese women. We used a population-based cohort study consisting of 71 698 women residing in 11 public health center areas across Japan between 1990 and 1994. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of the risk of all external causes, suicide, and accidents according to female reproductive factors at the baseline survey. During 1 028 583 person-years of follow-up for 49 279 eligible subjects (average 20.9 years), we identified 328 deaths by all injuries. Among parous women, ever versus never breastfeeding [0.67 (95% CI: 0.49–0.92)] was associated with a decreased risk of all injuries. Risk of suicide was inversely associated with ever versus never parity [0.53 (95% CI: 0.32–0.88)]. A lower risk of death by accidents was seen in ever breastfeeding [0.63 (95% CI: 0.40–0.97)] compared to never breastfeeding. This study suggests that parity and breastfeeding are associated with reduced risk of death by all external causes, suicide and/or accidents among Japanese women.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Female reproductive factors and risk of external causes of death among women: The Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study (JPHC Study)

Tanaka

Abe²,

Sawada³

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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“…14 , 15 A previous study found that parity was inversely correlated with the suicide rate among parous women in Taiwan. 16 To our knowledge, no research has documented the impact of the sex of a deceased child on maternal suicide. Therefore, to assess whether the death of a child, and in particular a son, increased the risk of suicide among parous women, we conducted the present nested case-control study, using a cohort of Taiwanese women who first gave birth to a singleton child between 1978 and 1987.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Death of a Son is Associated With Risk of Suicide Among Parous Women in Taiwan: A Nested Case-Control Study

Chen

Kuo

et al. 2012

Journal of Epidemiology

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BackgroundThe impact of the sex of a deceased child on maternal suicide has not been studied. We examined whether the death of a child, especially a son, increased the risk of suicide among parous Taiwanese women.MethodsThis matched case-control study was done within a cohort of 1 292 462 Taiwanese women who experienced a first and singleton childbirth between 1 January 1978 and 31 December 1987 and were followed up until 31 December 2008. From the cohort, 2701 suicide cases were identified and 2701 controls were randomly selected. Multiple logistic regression was used to estimate the risk of suicide associated with the death of a child.ResultsThe adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for suicide among mothers whose son had died were 2.60 (95% CI = 1.18–5.73), 2.58 (1.28–5.20), and 4.20 (0.79–22.45) for death of a son aged younger than 1 year, 1 to 17 years, and 18 years or older. The ORs for suicide associated with the death of a daughter were not statistically significant: the respective adjusted ORs were 1.86 (0.82–4.62), 1.38 (0.54–3.49), and 2.48 (0.40–15.51).ConclusionsThe death of a child, especially a son, increased the risk of maternal suicide, which supports the notion that preference for a son is firmly rooted in traditional Chinese culture.

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“…In contrast, parents have lower mortality risk than non-parents, even after controlling for marital and socioeconomic status (6,7). Parenthood is also related to reduced suicide risk (8–11) and better cardiovascular health (12–14). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Parenthood and Host Resistance to the Common Cold

Sneed

Cohen

Turner

et al. 2012

Psychosomatic Medicine

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Objective To determine if parenthood predicts host resistance to the common cold among healthy volunteers experimentally exposed to a common cold virus. Methods Subjects were 795 healthy participants (age range 18–55) enrolled in one of 3 viral-challenge studies conducted from 1993–2004. After reporting parenthood status, participants were quarantined, administered nasal drops containing one of four common cold viruses, and monitored for the development of a clinical cold (infection in the presence of objective signs of illness) on the day before and for 5–6 days after exposure. All analyses included controls for immunity to the experimental virus (pre-challenge specific antibody titers), viral strain, season, age, sex, race/ethnicity, marital status, body mass, study, employment status and education. Results Parents were less likely to develop colds than non-parents (OR=0.48; 95% CI, 0.31–0.73). This was true for both parents with 1–2 children (OR=0.52; 95% CI, 0.33–0.83) and 3 or more children (OR=0.39; 95% CI, 0.22–0.70). Parenthood was associated with a decreased risk of colds for both those with at least one child living at home (OR=0.46; 95% CI, 0.24–0.87), and those whose children all lived away from home (OR=0.27; 95% CI, 0.12–0.60). The relationship between parenthood and colds was not observed in parents ages 18–24, but was pronounced among older parents. Conclusion Parenthood was associated with greater host resistance to common cold viruses.

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Association between parity and risk of suicide among parous women

Cited by 13 publications

References 29 publications

Female reproductive factors and risk of external causes of death among women: The Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study (JPHC Study)

Female reproductive factors and risk of external causes of death among women: The Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study (JPHC Study)

Death of a Son is Associated With Risk of Suicide Among Parous Women in Taiwan: A Nested Case-Control Study

Parenthood and Host Resistance to the Common Cold

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