Association between Open-Angle Glaucoma and the Risks of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases in South Korea: A 10-year Nationwide Cohort Study

Moon, Jong Youn; Kim, Hyung Jun; Park, Yoon Hyung; Park, Tae Kwann; Park, Sohee; Kim, Chan Yun; Lee, Si Hyung

doi:10.1038/s41598-018-29557-6

Cited by 68 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…In one study, the percentage of glaucoma was significantly higher in those with dementia, and vice versa [17]. Another retrospective study illustrated that OAG was associated with AD but not PD [31]. In the current study, the severity of glaucoma did not enhance the risk of following dementia, which is a relatively novel finding to our knowledge since studies rarely evaluate the relationship between glaucoma severity and dementia development.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

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Impact of the Severities of Glaucoma on the Incidence of Subsequent Dementia: A Population-Based Cohort Study

Kuo

Chung²,

Hsu

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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The aim of the present study was to survey the relationship between the severity of glaucoma and subsequent dementia using the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) in Taiwan. Subjects with glaucoma were selected into the study group after an exclusion process, and each subject in the study group was propensity score-matched to another non-glaucoma patient that constituted the control group. The Cox proportional hazard regression that considered multiple potential risk factors of dementia was used to yield the adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) of dementia in different severities of glaucoma. There were 1185 (5.63 percent) subjects in the study group and 1119 (5.32 percent) patients in the control group that developed dementia. After adjusting for multiple confounders, there were no differences in the rate of any dementia (aHR: 0.961, 95% CI: 0.886–1.043, p = 0.3443), vascular dementia (aHR: 0.928, 95% CI: 0.846–1.018, p = 0.1154), Alzheimer’s disease (aHR: 1.018, 95% CI: 0.761–1.362, p = 0.9025) or Parkinson’s disease (aHR: 1.021, 95% CI: 0.886–1.176, p = 0.7744) between the study and the control groups. Regarding the disease severity of glaucoma, no difference was found in any type of dementia whether the glaucoma patients received less than two medical treatments, received more than two medical treatments, received drainage surgeries or received destructive surgeries. In conclusion, the different severities of glaucoma do not alter the incidence of subsequent dementia.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

“…Several researchers have discussed the relationship between dementia and eye diseases [17,31,32]. In one study, the percentage of glaucoma was significantly higher in those with dementia, and vice versa [17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of the Severities of Glaucoma on the Incidence of Subsequent Dementia: A Population-Based Cohort Study

Kuo

Chung²,

Hsu

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…Moreover, the risk of developing AD in OAG patients was higher in older age groups (ages > 65 years). However, again the underestimation of the final diagnosis may have been a limitation in this study [ 12 ].…”

Section: Overlapping Features Of Ad and Glaucomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease and glaucoma: overlaps and missing links

Sen

Saxena

Tripathi

et al. 2020

Eye

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The eye is said to be the window into the brain. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and glaucoma both being diseases of the elderly, have several epidemiological and histological overlaps in pathogenesis. Both these diseases are neurodegenerative conditions. Over the years, a consensus has developed that both may be two ends of a singular spectrum of diseases. Epidemiological studies have shown that more Alzheimer’s patients may be suffering from glaucoma than general healthy population. Retinal ganglion cell damage is a characteristic of both diseases, along with discovery of amyloid-β and tau protein deposition in the retina and aqueous humor of eye. The latter two proteins are known to be pathognomonic of AD. Other pathways such as the insulin receptor pathway also seem to be affected in both diseases similarly. In spite of these overlaps, there are few missing links which still need more evidence, namely, intraocular pressure mechanisms, cerebrospinal fluid pressure and trans -lamina cribrosa pressure gradients, vascular autoregulation factors, etc. Several factors point towards a common pathogenesis at some level for both diseases and prospective studies are necessary to study the natural course of both diseases.

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“…[ 1 ] Furthermore, glaucoma has previously been linked to a number of systemic illnesses affecting other organs such as the brain including Alzheimer disease. [ 2 ] In Asia, the number of glaucoma patients is expected to reach 37 million by 2020, which would constitute approximately 47% of the world's population of glaucoma patients. [ 1 , 3 ] Specifically in Korea, the prevalence of glaucoma patients increased from 0.79% to 1.05% from 2008 to 2013 among those aged 40 years or older, with an average annual increase rate of 9%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of care for glaucoma patients in Korea from 2002 to 2013 using the national health insurance service claims data

Choi

Kwon

et al. 2018

Medicine

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Due to the rapidly increasing life-expectancy, the prevalence of glaucoma has increased steadily in recent years. We aimed to evaluate the patterns of care and primary treatment strategy patterns in Korea according to glaucoma subtypes to assess the quality of care for glaucoma patients.In this serial cross-sectional survey, the claims data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service was used to identify and group glaucoma patients into primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG), other types of glaucoma, and ocular hypertension from 2002 to 2013. Records for outpatient visits, hospitalizations, drug prescriptions, admissions, and surgical interventions were used to determine the patterns of care and identify primary treatment strategies.Both the prevalence (0.11% in 2002 to 0.43% in 2013) and incidence rates (0.06% in 2003 to 0.11% in 2013) for glaucoma increased over time. The mean number of outpatient visits increased (4.9–6.0 visits per year), while the proportion of hospitalized patients (2.3–1.0% of patients) and duration of hospital stay (4.5–3.4 days among hospitalized patients) decreased between 2002 and 2013 for patients with POAG. The proportion of patients not being managed by medication or surgery decreased, with POAG and PACG patients receiving medications increasing from 70.9% and 59.2% in 2002 to 88.4% and 63.3% in 2013, respectively. Finally, while the proportion of trabeculectomy decreased (22.2% to 10.0% of surgical procedures in 2002 and 2013, respectively), more patients with PACG have received iridectomy (59.3% to 86.0% of surgical procedures in 2002 and 2013, respectively).Between 2002 and 2013, the pattern of care for both patients with POAG and PACG has shifted toward management by outpatient visits and intervention with anti-glaucoma medications in Korea.

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Association between Open-Angle Glaucoma and the Risks of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases in South Korea: A 10-year Nationwide Cohort Study

Cited by 68 publications

References 56 publications

Impact of the Severities of Glaucoma on the Incidence of Subsequent Dementia: A Population-Based Cohort Study

Impact of the Severities of Glaucoma on the Incidence of Subsequent Dementia: A Population-Based Cohort Study

Neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease and glaucoma: overlaps and missing links

Patterns of care for glaucoma patients in Korea from 2002 to 2013 using the national health insurance service claims data

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