Association Between Obesity and Psychiatric Disorders in the US Adult Population

Simon, Gregory E.; Korff, Michael Von; Saunders, Kathleen; Miglioretti, Diana L.; Crane, Paul K.; Belle, Gerald van; Kessler, Ronald C.

doi:10.1001/archpsyc.63.7.824

Cited by 1,130 publications

(963 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Reciprocal relations among anxiety, distress, strain, depression and sleep disturbances have been suggested earlier [4,6,30,56]. These psychological symptoms are closely linked to obesity, smoking and physical inactivity [14,17,22,35,43,51,53], which have been suggested as risk factors for neck, shoulder and low back pains in adolescence [5,25,31,32,42]. Our findings that insufficient quantity or quality of sleep increases the risk of neck and low back pains independently of depressive mood, physical activity, sedentary behavior, smoking, BMI and parents' socioeconomic status may indicate that it has a mediating effect, explaining the relationship between social pressures, psychological symptoms and musculoskeletal pains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Is insufficient quantity and quality of sleep a risk factor for neck, shoulder and low back pain? A longitudinal study among adolescents

et al. 2009

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The quantity and quality of adolescents' sleep may have changed due to new technologies. At the same time, the prevalence of neck, shoulder and low back pain has increased. However, only a few studies have investigated insufficient quantity and quality of sleep as possible risk factors for musculoskeletal pain among adolescents. The aim of the study was to assess whether insufficient quantity and quality of sleep are risk factors for neck (NP), shoulder (SP) and low back pain (LBP). A 2-year followup survey among adolescents aged 15-19 years was (2001)(2002)(2003) carried out in a subcohort of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 (n = 1,773). The outcome measures were 6-month period prevalences of NP, SP and LBP. The quantity and quality of sleep were categorized into sufficient, intermediate or insufficient, based on average hours spent sleeping, and whether or not the subject suffered from nightmares, tiredness and sleeping problems. The odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for having musculoskeletal pain were obtained through logistic regression analysis, adjusted for previously suggested risk factors and finally adjusted for specific pain status at 16 years. The 6-month period prevalences of neck, shoulder and low back pain were higher at the age of 18 than at 16 years. Insufficient quantity or quality of sleep at 16 years predicted NP in both girls (OR 4.4; CI 2.2-9.0) and boys (2.2; 1.2-4.1). Similarly, insufficient sleep at 16 years predicted LBP in both girls (2.9; 1.7-5.2) and boys (2.4; 1.3-4.5), but SP only in girls (2.3; 1.2-4.4). After adjustment for pain status, insufficient sleep at 16 years predicted significantly only NP (3.2; 1.5-6.7) and LBP (2.4; 1.3-4.3) in girls. Insufficient sleep quantity or quality was an independent risk factor for NP and LBP among girls. Future studies should test whether interventions aimed at improving sleep characteristics are effective in the prevention and treatment of musculoskeletal pain.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Is insufficient quantity and quality of sleep a risk factor for neck, shoulder and low back pain? A longitudinal study among adolescents

et al. 2009

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“…However, research in adults can also throw light upon this unexpected finding. In a community sample of adults, Simon et al [36] recently demonstrated a stronger association of obesity and mental disorders in individuals with higher educational attainment. This high SES group was also among those with the lowest overall rates of obesity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…This high SES group was also among those with the lowest overall rates of obesity. Simon and colleagues [36] hypothesize that the social discrimination of overweight individuals has a stronger impact in socio-demographic groups with lower obesity rates. In line with our Ôspirit of the times hypothesis', we also assume that the mere presence of obesity might be most stressful in high SES groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychiatric disorders and symptom severity in referred versus non-referred overweight children and adolescents

Vlierberghe

Braet

Goossens

et al. 2008

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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Background: This study aimed firstly to investigate whether youngsters referred for overweight treatment differ from non-referred overweight youngsters on the prevalence of psychiatric disorders and psychological symptoms. Secondly, the potentially moderating role of age, gender, socio-economic status and degree of overweight in the association of referral status and mental disorder in overweight youth was explored. Methods: Participants were 155 overweight youngsters enrolled in an obesity treatment programme (mean age = 13.76; mean BMI = 33.99) and 73 non-referred overweight youngsters (mean age = 13.74; mean BMI = 27.35). The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-Childhood version and the Child version of the Eating Disorder Examination were administered and participants filled out the Children’s Depression Inventory, the Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale and the Youth Self Report. Parents were asked to complete the Child Behavior Checklist. Results: In the referred group 37.50% and in the non-referred group 23.29% of the participants met criteria for at least one mental disorder. In both groups, anxiety disorders were most prominent. Overall, a higher prevalence of mental disorders was found in the referred group. Referred youth displayed significantly more ‘full blown’ eating disorders and binge eating than non-referred youngsters and exhibited a significantly greater severity of self- and parent-reported internalizing symptoms. Referral was also associated with a significantly higher degree of overweight and significantly lower SES. After controlling for these pre-existing differences in degree of overweight and SES, only the greater severity of parent-reported internalizing symptoms in referred youth remained significant. Older age was generally predictive for the presence of mental disorders and in the non-referred group SES was positively associated with psychiatric disorder. Conclusions: A substantial proportion of overweight youngsters suffer from mental disorders. Referral status and age are associated with the presence of psychopathology. However, differences between referred and non-referred youngsters are not as pronounced as expected on the basis of earlier research in the field

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“…In contrast to the above hypothesis that leptin insufficiency contributes to depression, epidemiologic and clinical studies suggest a link between obesity, which is commonly characterized by high, not low, levels of leptin, and depression [27][28][29][30]. It has been reported that obese people are approximately 20% more likely to have depressive disorders than non-obese subjects [29]. The high leptin levels associated with obesity are thought to be caused by leptin resistance, much as type 2 diabetic patients are resistant to insulin.…”

Section: Human Studiesmentioning

confidence: 97%

The leptin hypothesis of depression: a potential link between mood disorders and obesity?

Lü

2007

Current Opinion in Pharmacology

253

198

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SummaryThe adipose-derived hormone leptin is well known for its function in the control of energy homeostasis. Recent studies suggest a novel role for this adipokine in the regulation of mood and emotion. Low levels of leptin have been found to be associated with depressive behaviors in rodents and humans. Pharmacological studies indicate that leptin has antidepressant-like efficacy. Both leptin insufficiency and leptin resistance may contribute to alterations of affective status. Identifying the key brain regions that mediate leptin's antidepressant activity and dissecting its intracellular signal transduction pathways may provide new insights into the pathogenesis of depression and facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of this illness.

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Association Between Obesity and Psychiatric Disorders in the US Adult Population

Cited by 1,130 publications

References 63 publications

Is insufficient quantity and quality of sleep a risk factor for neck, shoulder and low back pain? A longitudinal study among adolescents

Is insufficient quantity and quality of sleep a risk factor for neck, shoulder and low back pain? A longitudinal study among adolescents

Psychiatric disorders and symptom severity in referred versus non-referred overweight children and adolescents

The leptin hypothesis of depression: a potential link between mood disorders and obesity?

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