Association between Obesity and Periodontitis in US Adults: NHANES 2011–2014

Abstract

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> It is controversial whether obesity and periodontitis are related. A representative US population was examined for the relationship between obesity and periodontitis. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> In the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2014, participants (<i>n</i> = 6,662) aged 30 years or older and who underwent periodontal examinations were chosen for analysis. An assessment of obesity was based on body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). Estimates of obesity and periodontal disease were made using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. <b><i>Results:</i></b> According to an adjusted odds ratio (OR) for periodontitis, BMI (OR = 1.01, 95% CI: 1.01∼1.02) and WC (OR = 1.01, 95% CI: 1∼1.01) were significantly associated with periodontitis, respectively. After adjusting for confounding factors, the OR for patients with high WC with periodontitis was 1.18 (1.04∼1.33) compared to normal WC. BMI and WC subgroups showed no significant interaction (<i>p</i> for interaction >0.05), except for the age interaction in BMI. Among young adults aged 30–44 years, obesity was significantly associated with periodontitis in subgroups; the adjusted OR for having periodontal disease was 1.02 (1∼1.03) and 1.01 (1∼1.02) for subjects with BMI and WC, respectively. When all covariates were adjusted, BMI ≥30 kg/m<sup>2</sup> was statistically significantly associated with prevalence of periodontal disease among people aged 30–44 years (<i>p</i> < 0.001). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> BMI and WC are significantly associated with periodontitis, even after adjusting for many variables, and were equally significant in obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) young people (30–44 years).

Association between weight-adjusted waist index and periodontitis: A population-based study

“…The link between WWI and periodontitis was significant across both over and under 60 years groups but was more evident and had a more substantial effect size in the younger cohort. These results diverge somewhat from the previous studies by Liu et al and Al-Zahrani et al, which reported substantial links between obesity and periodontitis among young and middle-aged adults but not in the older population, using BMI and WC as indicators [ 11 , 12 ]. On the whole, the correlation between obesity and the incidence of periodontitis appears to be stronger in young and middle-aged individuals compared to older adults.…”

“…This underlines the potential importance of appropriately evaluating obesity for predicting periodontitis risk and gauging disease severity. Liu et al’s investigation using NHANES data (2011–2014) found significant correlations between periodontitis and both BMI and WC, though this association was not evident in men [ 11 ]. However, Alsalihi et al and Kim et al did not find any link between periodontitis and BMI, but an association with WC, whereas Torrungruang et al reported no association between periodontitis and either BMI or WC [ 14 , 28 , 29 ].…”

“…Traditional obesity assessment tools like Body Mass Index (BMI) and Waist Circumference (WC) are utilized yet have drawbacks [ 9 , 10 ]. While the link between BMI, WC, and periodontitis has been reported in various studies, it is still controversial [ 11 – 14 ]. According to research, BMI fails to distinguish between central and peripheral adiposity and varies with age, gender, and ethnicity [ 15 , 16 ].…”

Data on hematological parameters and generalized severe periodontitis in the United States

“…The periodontal data obtained were analyzed and presented using descriptive statistics such as analysis of variance. In Table 1 , the continuous variables were presented as the mean (standard deviation) and the categorical variables were presented as the number (percentage) [3] , [4] , [5] , [6] .…”