Association between neighbourhood fast-food and full-service restaurant density and body mass index: A cross-sectional study of Canadian adults

Hollands, Simon; Campbell, M. Karen; Gilliland, Jason A.; Sarma, Sisira

doi:10.17269/cjph.105.4287

Cited by 37 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…It has been previously demonstrated that there is a higher concentration of particulate matter in the Hunter Valley compared to the metropolitan areas . Other factors, such as higher density of fast‐food outlets, may also be implicated in the differences identified in our study. The contribution of all these potential contributors requires further investigation and will be necessary for future planning for the healthcare system.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Disparities in the incidence of acute myocardial infarction: long‐term trends from the Hunter region

Davies

Naudin

Al-Omary

et al. 2017

Internal Medicine Journal

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Disparities in the incidence of acute myocardial infarction: long‐term trends from the Hunter region

Davies

Naudin

Al-Omary

et al. 2017

Internal Medicine Journal

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“…Therefore, even if there were a true relationship between food environments and dietary or health outcomes, the use of city-specific food environment data in Canadian studies would diminish the magnitude of the relationship. Moreover, the lack of rural food environments research in Canada (with a few notable exceptions 54,55 ) is a major limitation, given that one in five Canadians live in rural areas 55 and that rural Canadians are at a health disadvantage compared with their urban counterparts [56][57][58] and have poorer diets, which may be in part explained by poor access to resources. 57 Future research should therefore explicitly consider rural retail food environments and should be conducted at a functional region (city-region or multiple municipalities of different sizes within an economic corridor) or provincial level, in addition to examining their associations with diet and anthropometric or health-related outcomes.…”

Section: Key Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retail food environments research in Canada: A scoping review

Minaker

Shuh

Olstad

et al. 2016

Can J Public Health

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OBJECTIVES: The field of retail food environments research is relatively new in Canada. The objective of this scoping review is to provide an overview of retail food environments research conducted before July 2015 in Canada. Specifically, this review describes research foci and key findings, identifies knowledge gaps and suggests future directions for research. METHODS:A search of published literature concerning Canadian investigations of retail food environment settings (food stores, restaurants) was conducted in July 2015 using PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, PsychInfo and ERIC. Studies published in English that reported qualitative or quantitative data on any aspect of the retail food environment were included, as were conceptual papers and commentaries. SYNTHESIS:Eighty-eight studies were included in this review and suggest that the field of retail food environments research is rapidly expanding in Canada. While only 1 paper was published before 2005, 66 papers were published between 2010 and 2015. Canadian food environments research typically assessed either the socio-economic patterning of food environments (n = 28) or associations between retail food environments and diet, anthropometric or health outcomes (n = 33). Other papers profiled methodological research, qualitative studies, intervention research and critical commentaries (n = 27). Key gaps in the current literature include measurement inconsistency among studies and a lack of longitudinal and intervention studies. CONCLUSION:Retail food environments are a growing topic of research, policy and program development in Canada. Consistent methods (where appropriate), longitudinal and intervention research, and close partnerships between researchers and key stakeholders would greatly advance the field of retail food environments research in Canada.

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“…9 For example, a recent national study observed a positive association between mean body mass index (BMI) and a greater number of chain FFR within large administrative areas, and a negative association for other restaurant types. 10 Other studies using smaller geographic levels (e.g., the number of FFR within walking distance of residential areas) found no association or results in the opposite direction. [11][12][13] Measures of FFR exposure also vary widely across studies (e.g., absolute numbers or density of outlets, proximity to outlets), and most studies on the topic are cross-sectional, which limits any conclusions about causality.…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

Relative and absolute availability of fast-food restaurants in relation to the development of diabetes: A population-based cohort study

Polsky

Moineddin

Glazier

et al. 2016

Can J Public Health

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OBJECTIVES:To determine whether residents living in areas with a high proportion of fast-food restaurants (FFR) relative to all restaurants are more likely to develop diabetes and whether the risk varies according to the volume of FFR. METHODS:The study cohort consisted of adult respondents (20-84 years) to the Canadian Community Health Survey (cycles 2005, 2007/2008, 2009/2010) who resided within walking distance (720 m) of at least one restaurant in Toronto, Brampton, Mississauga or Hamilton, ON. The development of diabetes was established by linking participants to the Ontario Diabetes Database. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of incident diabetes associated with relative and absolute measures of restaurant availability.RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 5 years, 347 of 7,079 participants (4.6%) developed diabetes. Among younger adults (20-65 years, n = 5,806), a greater proportion of fast-food relative to all restaurants was significantly associated with incident diabetes after adjustment for a range of individual and area-level covariates, but only in areas with high volumes of fast-food retailers (3+ outlets) (HR = 1.79, 95% confidence interval: 1.03-3.12, across the interquartile range). Adjusting for body mass index rendered this association non-significant. No significant associations were observed in areas with low volumes of FFR or among older adults (65-84 years, n = 1,273). Absolute availability (number) of fast-food and other restaurants was generally unrelated to incident diabetes. CONCLUSION:Areas with the double burden of a high volume of FFR and few dining alternatives may represent an adverse environment for the development of diabetes.KEY WORDS: Diabetes mellitus; fast food; restaurants; body mass index; cohort studies La traduction du résumé se trouve à la fin de l'article.

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Association between neighbourhood fast-food and full-service restaurant density and body mass index: A cross-sectional study of Canadian adults

Cited by 37 publications

References 24 publications

Disparities in the incidence of acute myocardial infarction: long‐term trends from the Hunter region

Disparities in the incidence of acute myocardial infarction: long‐term trends from the Hunter region

Retail food environments research in Canada: A scoping review

Relative and absolute availability of fast-food restaurants in relation to the development of diabetes: A population-based cohort study

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