Association between morningness‐eveningness, sleep duration, weekend catch‐up sleep and depression among Korean high‐school students

Abstract

The present study aimed to examine the association between morningness‐eveningness preferences, sleep duration, weekend catch‐up sleep duration and depression among Korean high‐school students. A total of 8,655 high‐school students participated from 15 districts in South Korea and completed an online self‐report questionnaire. The following sleep characteristics were assessed: weekday and weekend sleep duration, weekend catch‐up sleep duration, morningness‐eveningness preference, perceived sufficiency of sleep, self‐reported snoring and sleep apnea, daytime sleepiness, and sleep environment. Age, gender, body mass index, number of private classes, proneness to internet addiction, and depressive mood were also evaluated. A logistic regression analysis was conducted to compute odds ratios for the association between depression and sleep characteristics, after controlling for relevant covariates. Eveningness preference was a significant predictor of depressive mood (adjusted OR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.47–1.99). Weekend CUS durations that were ≥2 hr and enrollment in numerous private classes were associated with a lower risk for depression (0.68, 0.55–0.85; 0.76, 0.60–0.95; respectively). Female gender, underweight and obese body weight, short weekday sleep durations, excessive daytime sleepiness, perceived excessiveness and insufficiency of sleep, self‐reported snoring and sleep apnea, proneness to internet addiction and a non‐optimal sleep environment were associated with an increased risk for depression. Eveningness preference and insufficient weekday sleep duration were associated with an increased risk for depression. Weekend CUS duration ≥2 hr reduced the risk for depression. Diverse aspects, including sleeping habits and sleep‐related environmental factors, should be considered to reduce depressive symptoms in late adolescents.

Association of Sleep Duration and Weekend Catch-Up Sleep with Suicidal Ideation Among Adolescents with Asthma: Secondary Data Analysis Based on a Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study

“…In Korea, most middle-and high-school classes start before 8:30 AM. And many Korean adolescents attend private academic institutions and study late at night even on the weekends [12]. These students face strong psychosocial pressure to attain su cient grades for admission into prestigious universities [5,12].…”

“…And many Korean adolescents attend private academic institutions and study late at night even on the weekends [12]. These students face strong psychosocial pressure to attain su cient grades for admission into prestigious universities [5,12]. The link between short sleep duration and suicidal ideation in adolescents with asthma is complex and not fully understood.…”

“…The average sleep duration was calculated using the following weighted mean value: (5 × weekday sleep duration + 2 × weekend sleep duration) ÷ 7 [3,12], and categorized as: ≤ 5, 5-6, 6-7, 7-8, 8-9 and ≥ 9 h. Based on the recommendations from the National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration criteria [32], the reference sleep duration was de ned by 7-8 hours per day in this study. WCUS was calculated as the average weekend sleep duration minus average weekday sleep duration [3,12], and this was divided into four categories: no catch-up, < 1 hour, 1-2 hours, and ≥ 2 hours. The four categories were used because the latter two groups occupied the rst and second largest proportions of WCUS and usually long WCUS was de ned as sleeping at least 2 h longer on weekends compared to weekdays [33].…”

“…WCUS is not only an indicator of insu cient weekday sleep, but also a compensatory phenomenon for weekday sleep debt [3,11]. Adolescents tend to sleep for shorter durations during the night and exhibit a delayed sleep phase than do children [12].…”

“…Adolescents also tend to sleep less than children do during school days because of the pressure of school work. In order to compensate for insu cient weekday sleep over the entire week, adolescents then tend to sleep more on the weekends [12,13]. The effects of WCUS on one's overall health are con icting.…”