Association between methylation potential and nutrient metabolism throughout the reproductive cycle of sows

Riet, M.M.J. van; Millet, Sam; Langendries, Karolien; Zelst, Bertrand D. van; Janssens, Geert

doi:10.1111/jpn.13078

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The high transformation rate of SAM into SAH indicate more frequent methylation reactions during this phase ( Bonilla et al., 2010 ). A similar result was observed in van Riet's work, which showed that the methylation potential (SAM-to-SAH ratio in plasma) of the highly prolific sows increased throughout gestation but fluctuated strongly in the period around parturition ( Van Riet et al., 2019 ). Moreover, the rate of transmethylation in pregnant women during the third trimester was higher than that of the first trimester ( Dasarathy et al., 2010 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…During pregnancy, gene transcription is influenced by Met supply as SAM is not only the ubiquitous methyl donor for DNA methylation and the essential regulator of chromatin function, but also participates in the biosynthesis of vital components such as phospholipids ( Rees et al., 2006 ; Bleich et al., 2014 ). Van Riet et al. (2019) observed a marked elevation of plasma SAM in sows during late pregnancy while the fetal growth rate was noticeably increased, indicating the importance of increased methyl supply during late pregnancy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

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Effect of gestation dietary methionine-to-lysine ratio on methionine metabolism and antioxidant ability of high-prolific sows

et al. 2021

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The uptake and metabolism of methionine (Met) are critical for epigenetic regulation, redox homeostasis, and embryo development. Our previous study showed that appropriate supplementation of dietary Met promoted the birth weight and placental angiogenesis of high-prolific sows. To further explore the metabolic effect of Met on pregnant sows, we have evaluated the influence of dietary Met level on Met metabolism, and the relationship between metabolites of Met and reproductive performance, antioxidant ability, and placental angiogenesis throughout the gestation of high-prolific sows. Sixty sows (the 3rd parity, Large White) were randomly divided into 5 groups that were fed diets with standardized ileal digestible (SID) methionine-to-lysine (Met:Lys) ratios of 0.27 (control), 0.32, 0.37, 0.42, and 0.47 from the mating day (gestational d 0, G0d) until the farrowing day. HPLC-MS/MS analysis was used to simultaneously evaluate the metabolites related to Met, e.g. S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), homocysteine (Hcy), cysteine (Cys), and glutathione (GSH). The concentration of SAM and SAH in plasma had significant fluctuations, especially in late pregnancy. Increasing dietary Met supplementation significantly improved the plasma SAM and methylation potential (SAM-to-SAH ratio) at d 114 of pregnancy (G114d). Moreover, a positive association of the plasma SAM concentration at G114d was observed with the litter weight of born alive ( P < 0.05; R 2 = 0.58). Furthermore, Hcy concentration in plasma was at the lowest level for 0.37 ratio group at G114d. However, it significantly increased during late pregnancy. Moreover, there were negative correlations between plasma Hcy concentration at G114d ( P < 0.05) and the placental vascular density in the fold and stroma ( P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-A ( VEGF-A ) in the placenta tissue of 0.37 ratio group increased significantly ( P < 0.05). Collectively, these findings indicate that dietary Met:Lys ratio (0.37 to 0.57) in the pregnant diet dose not influence the antioxidant ability of the high-prolific sows; however, the improvement of fetal development and placental angiogenesis of high-prolific sows by supplementation of Met are closely associated to the key Met-related metabolite of SAM and Hcy, respectively.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Effect of gestation dietary methionine-to-lysine ratio on methionine metabolism and antioxidant ability of high-prolific sows

et al. 2021

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“…Interestingly, this general similarity in amino acid profiles was also observed in nonmammalian body compositions, with the predominant amino acids in frogs (Xenopus laevis), such as glutamine, glycine, leucine, and asparagine being generally similar to those in fish species (Engraulis encrasicholus), while methionine, histidine, and phenylalanine were scarce in both [73]. By contrast, sows are intensively using methionine as a methyl donor during lactation [74].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Peculiarities in the Amino Acid Composition of Sow Colostrum and Milk, and Their Potential Relevance to Piglet Development

Yao

Cools

Matthijs

et al. 2023

Veterinary Sciences

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The composition of mother’s milk is considered the ideal diet for neonates. This study investigated how conserved or variable the amino acid profile of sow colostrum and milk is throughout lactation, compared with other studies in sows and other species. Twenty-five sows (parity one to seven) from one farm with gestation lengths of 114 to 116 d were sampled on d 0, 3, and 10 after parturition. The total amino acid profile of the samples was analyzed through ion-exchange chromatography, and the results were displayed as the percentage of total amino acid and compared with literature data. Most of the amino acid concentrations in sow milk decreased significantly (p < 0.05) throughout the lactation period, while the amino acid profile generally showed a conserved pattern, especially from d 3 to d 10, and was rather similar across different studies. Glutamine + glutamate was the most abundant amino acid in milk at all sampling moments, accounting for 14–17% of total amino acids. The proportions of proline, valine, and glycine in sow milk nearly accounted for 11%, 7%, and 6% respectively, and were higher compared to human, cow, and goat milk, while the methionine proportion was less than the other three. Compared to the large variations often reported in macronutrient concentrations, the amino acid profile of sow milk in the present study, as well as in others, seems well conserved across the lactation period. Similarities with characteristic differences were also observed between sow milk and piglet body composition, which might reflect the nutrition requirements of preweaning piglets. This study warrants further research exploring the link between the whole amino acid profile and the particular amino acids for suckling piglets and could facilitate insight for optimizing creep feed.

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Glycine, a Dispensable Amino Acid, Is Conditionally Indispensable in Late Stages of Human Pregnancy

Rasmussen

Ennis

Dyer

et al. 2021

The Journal of Nutrition

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Background Recently, we showed that there are higher protein, lysine, and phenylalanine requirements in late stages of pregnancy compared with early stages. Animal studies have suggested an increased dietary need for specific dispensable amino acids in pregnancy; whether such a need exists in human pregnancies is unknown. Objective The objective of the current study was to examine whether healthy pregnant women at midgestation (20–29 wk) and late gestation (30–40 wk) have a dietary demand for glycine, a dispensable amino acid, using the indicator amino acid oxidation method and measurement of plasma 5-oxoproline concentrations. Methods Seventeen healthy women (aged 26–36 y) randomly received different test glycine intakes (range: 5–100 mg·kg−1·d−1) during each study day in midgestation (∼26 wk, n = 17 observations in 9 women) and late gestation (∼35 wk, n = 19 observations in 8 women). Diets were isocaloric with energy at 1.7 × resting energy expenditure. Protein was given as a crystalline amino acid mixture based on egg protein composition at current estimated average requirement (EAR; 0.88 g·kg−1·d−1). Breath samples were collected at baseline and isotopic steady state to measure oxidation of L-[1–13C]phenylalanine to 13CO2 (F13CO2). Plasma was collected at the sixth hour of the study day. Linear regression crossover analysis and simple linear regression were used to assess responses in F13CO2 and plasma 5-oxoproline concentrations to different glycine intakes. Results No statistically significant responses were observed in midgestation. However, in late gestation, lower glycine intakes resulted in higher rates of F13CO2 (suggesting low protein synthesis) with a breakpoint for phenylalanine oxidation at >37 mg glycine·kg−1·d−1 and higher plasma 5-oxoproline (suggesting low glycine availability) with a breakpoint >27 mg glycine·kg−1·d−1. Conclusions The findings suggest that glycine should be considered a “conditionally” indispensable amino acid during late gestation, especially when protein intakes are at 0.88 g·kg−1·d−1, the current EAR. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02149953.

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Association between methylation potential and nutrient metabolism throughout the reproductive cycle of sows

Cited by 4 publications

References 43 publications

Effect of gestation dietary methionine-to-lysine ratio on methionine metabolism and antioxidant ability of high-prolific sows

Effect of gestation dietary methionine-to-lysine ratio on methionine metabolism and antioxidant ability of high-prolific sows

Peculiarities in the Amino Acid Composition of Sow Colostrum and Milk, and Their Potential Relevance to Piglet Development

Glycine, a Dispensable Amino Acid, Is Conditionally Indispensable in Late Stages of Human Pregnancy

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