Association between metabolic syndrome and uric acid: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Raya-Cano, Elena; Vaquero-Abellán, Manuel; Molina-Luque, Rafael; Pedro-Jiménez, Domingo De; Molina-Recio, Guillermo; Romero-Saldaña, Manuel

doi:10.1038/s41598-022-22025-2

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…In addition, the intake of L. salivarius CECT 30632 resulted in a significant decrease in the blood levels of some markers of oxidative stress (AOPPs, MDA and 8-isoprostaglandin F2α), nitric oxide, triglycerides, total cholesterol, GOT and GPT. Decreases in such parameters are relevant because of the close association between gout and metabolic syndrome (Raya-Cano et al, 2022). Gout is an increasingly relevant condition because of its relatively high prevalence, its impact on well-being and healthcare costs and, most importantly, its association with important co-morbidities that are usually considered as manifestations of the metabolic syndrome including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular disease, liver disease, renal disease, type 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1111652 Frontiers in Microbiology 10 frontiersin.org 2 diabetes, and obesity (Thottam et al, 2017;Kimura et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A randomized pilot trial assessing the reduction of gout episodes in hyperuricemic patients by oral administration of Ligilactobacillus salivarius CECT 30632, a strain with the ability to degrade purines

Rodríguez

Garranzo²,

Segura³

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

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IntroductionHyperuricemia and gout are receiving an increasing scientific and medical attention because of their relatively high prevalence and their association with relevant co-morbidities. Recently, it has been suggested that gout patients have an altered gut microbiota. The first objective of this study was to investigate the potential of some Ligilactobacillus salivarius strains to metabolize purine-related metabolites. The second objective was to evaluate the effect of administering a selected potential probiotic strain in individuals with a history of hyperuricemia.MethodsInosine, guanosine, hypoxanthine, guanine, xanthine, and uric acid were identified and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. The uptake and biotransformation of these compounds by a selection of L. salivarius strains were assessed using bacterial whole cells and cell-free extracts, respectively. The efficacy of L. salivarius CECT 30632 to prevent gout was assessed in a pilot randomized controlled clinical trial involving 30 patients with hyperuricemia and a history of recurrent gout episodes. Half of the patients consumed L. salivarius CECT 30632 (9 log10 CFU/day; probiotic group; n = 15) for 6 months while the remaining patients consumed allopurinol (100–300 mg/daily; control group; n = 15) for the same period. The clinical evolution and medical treatment received by the participants were followed, as well as the changes in several blood biochemical parameters.ResultsL. salivarius CECT 30632 was the most efficient strain for inosine (100%), guanosine (100%) and uric acid (50%) conversion and, therefore, it was selected for the pilot clinical trial. In comparison with the control group, administration of L. salivarius CECT 30632 resulted in a significant reduction in the number of gout episodes and in the use of gout-related drugs as well as an improvement in some blood parameters related to oxidative stress, liver damage or metabolic syndrome.ConclusionRegular administration of L. salivarius CECT 30632 reduced serum urate levels, the number of gout episodes and the pharmacological therapy required to control both hyperuricemia and gout episodes in individuals with a history of hyperuricemia and suffering from repeated episodes of gout.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A randomized pilot trial assessing the reduction of gout episodes in hyperuricemic patients by oral administration of Ligilactobacillus salivarius CECT 30632, a strain with the ability to degrade purines

Rodríguez

Garranzo²,

Segura³

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

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“…Interrelated with disorders of lipid synthesis disposal, transport, and deposition, such as obesity and hyperlipidemia [156,168], as well as alterations in supporting metabolism, such as that of purines/urate [169,170]. The liver is the main site for digested substrate-handling; liver damage results in the rapid extension of a wave of altered functionality to peripheral tissues, eventually affecting the regulation of whole systems.…”

Section: Ms Main Paths and Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Metabolic Syndrome, a Human Disease

Alemany

2024

IJMS

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This review focuses on the question of metabolic syndrome (MS) being a complex, but essentially monophyletic, galaxy of associated diseases/disorders, or just a syndrome of related but rather independent pathologies. The human nature of MS (its exceptionality in Nature and its close interdependence with human action and evolution) is presented and discussed. The text also describes the close interdependence of its components, with special emphasis on the description of their interrelations (including their syndromic development and recruitment), as well as their consequences upon energy handling and partition. The main theories on MS’s origin and development are presented in relation to hepatic steatosis, type 2 diabetes, and obesity, but encompass most of the MS components described so far. The differential effects of sex and its biological consequences are considered under the light of human social needs and evolution, which are also directly related to MS epidemiology, severity, and relations with senescence. The triggering and maintenance factors of MS are discussed, with especial emphasis on inflammation, a complex process affecting different levels of organization and which is a critical element for MS development. Inflammation is also related to the operation of connective tissue (including the adipose organ) and the widely studied and acknowledged influence of diet. The role of diet composition, including the transcendence of the anaplerotic maintenance of the Krebs cycle from dietary amino acid supply (and its timing), is developed in the context of testosterone and β-estradiol control of the insulin-glycaemia hepatic core system of carbohydrate-triacylglycerol energy handling. The high probability of MS acting as a unique complex biological control system (essentially monophyletic) is presented, together with additional perspectives/considerations on the treatment of this ‘very’ human disease.

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“…In healthy young adults, these enzymes have approximate half-lives of 18 hours for ALT and 36 hours for AST [28,29]. While transaminases are commonly considered as liver function tests, it is noteworthy that in addition to the liver, AST is also produced in other tissues such as the heart and muscles [30][31][32]. Traditionally, serum ALT activity has been utilized as an in ammatory marker to evaluate liver injury associated with various factors like hepatitis, tumors, liver cirrhosis, and alcohol consumption [33][34][35][36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between serum alanine transaminase/aspartate aminotransferase (ALT/AST) ratio and cognitive impairment in US older adults

Wang,

2024

Preprint

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Background and aims:The prevalence of cognitive impairment is increasing, especially in South Korea and South America. It is hypothesized that the alanine transaminase-to-aspartate aminotransferase ratio (ALT/AST), a marker of liver function, may influence cognitive function. However, as of now, there is no consensus on the clinical evidence supporting the link between ALT/AST ratio and cognitive impairment. Methods: Data from two cycles (2011-2014) of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were utilized to investigate the correlation between serum ALP levels and cognitive impairment. Cognitive function was assessed through three tests: the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD), Animal Fluency (AF), and Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) scores. The inflection point for cognitive impairment was defined as CERAD < 5, AF < 14, and DSST < 34. Weighted multiple logistic regression models were applied to explore the relationship between ALT/AST ratio and cognitive impairment. Generalized additive models (GAM) and a smooth curve fit (penalty spline method) were employed to examine potential nonlinear associations. Subgroup analyses and interaction tests were also carried out. Results: The study enrolled a total of 2765 adults aged 60 years and older. Our findings revealed a significant correlation between ALT/AST levels and a reduced likelihood of cognitive impairment in the CERAD test results [fully adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 0.53, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.34-0.83]. Specifically, in the highest quartile (Q4) of CERAD scores, this association remained significant [fully adjusted Q4: OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.50-0.88], with a trend significance (p = 0.012). A notable association was observed between ALT/AST levels and a decreased probability of cognitive impairment in the DSST test outcomes [fully adjusted OR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.28-0.77]. Particularly, in Q3 [fully adjusted OR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.50-0.94] and Q4 [fully adjusted OR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.44-0.82], displaying a significant trend across quartiles (p = 0.004). The generalized additive models (GAM) and smooth curve analyses revealed a nonlinear relationship between serum ALT/AST levels and cognitive impairment. Additionally, inflection points for ALT/AST were determined as 1.29 (CERAD test), 0.63 (AF test), and 0.87 (DSST test), respectively. Significant interactions were noted between ALT/AST and cognitive impairment concerning the CERAD test, taking into account race, education, and alcohol (P < 0.05). Moreover, significant interactions were observed between ALT/AST and cognitive impairment in connection with the CERAD test, considering age, race, alcohol, and hypertension (P < 0.05). Lastly, significant interactions were identified between ALT/AST and cognitive impairment associated with the CERAD test, accounting for alcohol, vigorous work activity, high cholesterol, and hypertension (P < 0.05). Conclusions: In conclusion, our study unveils a non-linear relationship and a threshold effect between serum ALT/AST levels and cognitive impairment. Validating these results necessitates large-scale prospective clinical trials utilizing rigorous methodologies and comprehensive datasets.

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Association between metabolic syndrome and uric acid: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 9 publications

References 91 publications

A randomized pilot trial assessing the reduction of gout episodes in hyperuricemic patients by oral administration of Ligilactobacillus salivarius CECT 30632, a strain with the ability to degrade purines

A randomized pilot trial assessing the reduction of gout episodes in hyperuricemic patients by oral administration of Ligilactobacillus salivarius CECT 30632, a strain with the ability to degrade purines

The Metabolic Syndrome, a Human Disease

Association between serum alanine transaminase/aspartate aminotransferase (ALT/AST) ratio and cognitive impairment in US older adults

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