Association between metabolic syndrome and risk of incident dementia in UK Biobank

Abstract

INTRODUCTIONThe association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and incident dementia remains inconclusive.METHODSIn 176,249 dementia‐free UK Biobank participants aged ≥60 years at baseline, Cox proportional‐hazards models were used to investigate the association between MetS and incident dementia. MetS was defined as the presence of ≥3 of the following: elevated waist circumference, triglycerides, blood pressure, blood glucose, and reduced high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol.RESULTSOver 15 years of follow‐up (median = 12.3), 5255 participants developed dementia. MetS was associated with an increased risk of incident dementia (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.12, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06, 1.18). The association remained consistent when restricting to longer follow‐up intervals: >5 to 10 years (HR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.27) and >10 years (HR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.12, 1.32). Stronger associations were observed in those with ≥4 MetS components and in apolipoprotein‐E (APOE)‐ε4 non‐carriers.DISCUSSIONIn this large population‐based prospective cohort, MetS was associated with an increased risk of dementia.Highlights MetS was associated with a 12% increased risk of incident all‐cause dementia. Associations remained similar after restricting the analysis to those with longer follow‐up. The presence of four or five MetS components was significantly associated with dementia. Stronger associations were observed in those with a low genetic risk for dementia.

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“…A study conducted by researchers from the University of Oxford involved a 15-year follow-up on 176,000 participants without dementia. The study found that metabolic syndrome was associated with a 12% increased risk of developing dementia (56). These findings were corroborated by a research team from South Korea who also observed a connection between metabolic disturbances and an elevated risk of dementia (57).…”

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“…Various components of MetS have been found in crosssectional and longitudinal studies to cause decreases in learning memory, attention, visuospatial and executive functions, and processing speed (14,15). A 15-year follow-up analysis of 176,000 non-demented participants found that MetS led to a 12% increased risk of developing all-cause dementia (16).…”

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“…These risk factors share common underlying causal mechanisms, resulting in a complex interplay that characterizes MetS [ 1 ]. Numerous studies have been conducted to investigate the definition, prevalence, and related features of MetS, as well as to explore its connection with cardiovascular disease (CVD) [ 2 ], diabetes mellitus (DM) [ 3 ], and dementia [ 4 ]. MetS is widely widespread in several nations such as the United States [ 5 ], China [ 6 ], and is associated with increased all-cause mortality [ 7 ].…”