Association between Mediterranean and Nordic diet scores and changes in weight and waist circumference: influence of FTO and TCF7L2 loci

Abstract

A high MDS is associated with a lower ΔWC and ΔWCBMI, regardless of FTO and TCF7L2 risk alleles. For Δweight, findings were less clear, but the effect may depend on the TCF7L2 rs7903146 variant. The NDS was not associated with anthropometric changes during follow-up.

Foodomics for personalized nutrition: how far are we?

“…22 This finding was further supported by a study in 1,381 first-time coronary heart disease patients and 4,290 population controls, which showed that there was no interaction between the FTO rs9939609 variant and macronutrient intake on body mass index. 28 To overcome the challenges involved in examining single genes, several studies have examined the combined effect of genes/gene variants on metabolic outcomes in response to dietary intake.…”

“…[12][13][14] Although many genetic variants have been identified for obesity and type 2 diabetes using candidate gene 15 and genome-wide association studies, 16,17 it has been shown that these variants do not cause metabolic diseases without an obesogenic dietary exposure. 18 Several candidate gene studies have examined gene-diet interactions [19][20][21][22] ; however, most of the studies were small and hence the findings have been inconsistent.…”

“…20,27,28 However, the findings have been quite inconsistent given the differences in study design, sample size, dietary measurements, phenotypic outcomes and genetic heterogeneity. 22,27,28 A randomized controlled trial in 737 overweight adults identified a significant gene-diet interaction where the risk allele of the FTO SNP rs9939609 was associated with a greater decrease in food cravings and appetite scores in participants with high protein diet intake (P=0.027 and P=0.047, respectively). 27 However, a study in 11,048 participants from 5…”

Polymorphism of the Transcription Factor 7-Like 2 Gene (TCF7L2) Interacts with Obesity on Type-2 Diabetes in the PREDIMED Study Emphasizing the Heterogeneity of Genetic Variants in Type-2 Diabetes Risk Prediction: Time for Obesity-Specific Genetic Risk Scores

“…As far as we know, our study is the first to show a prospective interaction between the TCF7L2-rs7903146 polymorphism and T2D in determining BMI (up to six years). This is also important as other studies have focused on gene–diet interactions on weight changes involving the TCF7L2 polymorphism [48]. In these studies stratification by T2D status should be considered to reduce the confounding effect of this heterogeneity.…”

Association between Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism of ApoB Gene with Dyslipidemia and Obesity Risk in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

“…The waist circumference was measured by using non-elastic tape with an accuracy of 0.5 cm in the middle of the distance between last rib and iliac crest bone [19]. BMI was calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters.…”