Association Between Marijuana Use and Risk of Cancer

Ghasemiesfe, Mehrnaz; Barrow, Brooke; Leonard, Samuel; Keyhani, Salomeh; Korenstein, Deborah

doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.16318

Cited by 100 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 78 publications

(140 reference statements)

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“…“Study populations were young, and few studies measured longitudinal exposure. The included studies were often limited by selection bias, recall bias, small sample of marijuana-only smokers, reporting of outcomes on marijuana users and tobacco users combined, and inadequate follow-up for the development of cancer…Most studies poorly assessed exposure, and some studies did not report details on exposure, preventing meta-analysis for several outcomes.”198…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The included studies were often limited by selection bias, recall bias, small sample of marijuana-only smokers, reporting of outcomes on marijuana users and tobacco users combined, and inadequate follow-up for the development of cancer…Most studies poorly assessed exposure, and some studies did not report details on exposure, preventing meta-analysis for several outcomes." 198 Example of item 23c of PRISMA 2020 checklist "Because of time constraints…we dually screened only 30% of the titles and abstracts; for the rest, we used single screening. A recent study showed that single abstract screening misses up to 13% of relevant studies (Gartlehner 2020).…”

Section: Essential Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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PRISMA 2020 explanation and elaboration: updated guidance and exemplars for reporting systematic reviews

Page

Moher

Bossuyt

et al. 2021

BMJ

4,811

2,786

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The PRISMA 2020 statement includes a checklist of 27 items to guide reporting of systematic reviews In this article we explain why reporting of each item is recommended, present bullet points that detail the reporting recommendations, and present examples from published reviews We hope that uptake of the PRISMA 2020 statement will lead to more transparent, complete, and accurate reporting of systematic reviews, thus facilitating evidence based decision making on 15 April 2021 by guest. Protected by copyright.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Essential Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

PRISMA 2020 explanation and elaboration: updated guidance and exemplars for reporting systematic reviews

Page

Moher

Bossuyt

et al. 2021

BMJ

4,811

2,786

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In addition to worsening the clinical outcome (especially involving respiratory risk) [10], cannabis use can generate or increase psychiatric disorders (mainly psychotic symptoms) [11], intense emotional and behavioral reactions were reported during the pandemic, such as fear, boredom, loneliness, anxiety, insomnia, anger and aggression [12]. These symptoms might be especially intense in people who use cannabis, as it is a population that has high rates of psychiatric comorbidities, is particularly sensitive to dysphoric emotional states and has a low tolerance for frustration and stress [13].…”

Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple clinical risks for cannabis users during the COVID-19 pandemic

Borgonhi

Volpatto

Ornell

et al. 2021

Addict Sci Clin Pract

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The pandemic caused by Sars-CoV-2 (COVID-19) has been a great concern for public and mental health systems worldwide. The identification of risk groups is essential for the establishment of preventive and therapeutic strategies, as for substance users. During COVID-19 pandemic, there was an increase in the use of psychoactive substances during the lockdown, including cannabis. This commentary reviews relevant findings and discusses scientific evidence on the risks of worse clinical and psychiatric complications due to coronavirus disease COVID-19 in subjects who use cannabis. Although they are not included as a risk group in the health recommendations for that disease, they may have a more vulnerable respiratory system to viral diseases. There are certain similarities between the harmful cardiovascular and respiratory effects of cannabis use and those of smoking. Due to the different modes of smoking, cannabis chemicals are retained in the body for longe and may also contain other toxic substances such as tar, a substance found in tobacco and which has been associated with the development of lung cancer, bronchitis and pulmonary emphysema. Therefore, we discuss if individuals who use cannabis regularly might be more vulnerable to COVID-19 infection. This population deserves more clinical attention worldwide and this manuscript can help clinicians become more aware of cannabis risks during pandemics and develop specific intervention strategies.

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“…A recent systematic review compared rates of all cancer types in cannabis users (defined as ≥ 1 joint‐year exposure) compared with non‐users [32]. Eight studies assessing the association of cannabis‐smoking and lung cancer were included.…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabis use disorder and the lungs

Gracie

Hancox

2020

Addiction

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Cannabis is one of the world's most widely used recreational drugs and the second most commonly smoked substance. Research on cannabis and the lungs has been limited by its illegal status, the variability in strength and size of cannabis cigarettes (joints), and the fact that most cannabis users also smoke tobacco, making the effects difficult to separate. Despite these difficulties, the available evidence indicates that smoking cannabis causes bronchitis and is associated with changes in lung function. The pattern of effects is surprisingly different from that of tobacco. Whereas smoking cannabis appears to increase the risk of severe bronchitis at quite low exposure, there is no convincing evidence that this leads to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Instead, cannabis use is associated with increased central airway resistance, lung hyperinflation and higher vital capacity with little evidence of airflow obstruction or impairment of gas transfer. There are numerous reports of severe bullous lung disease and pneumothorax among heavy cannabis users, but convincing epidemiological data of an increased risk of emphysema or alveolar destruction are lacking. An association between cannabis and lung cancer remains unproven, with studies providing conflicting findings.

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Association Between Marijuana Use and Risk of Cancer

Abstract: This systematic review and meta-analysis assesses the association of marijuana use with the development of cancer in adults with at least 1 joint-year exposure (equivalent to 1 joint per day for 1 year).

Cited by 100 publications

References 78 publications

PRISMA 2020 explanation and elaboration: updated guidance and exemplars for reporting systematic reviews

PRISMA 2020 explanation and elaboration: updated guidance and exemplars for reporting systematic reviews

Multiple clinical risks for cannabis users during the COVID-19 pandemic

Cannabis use disorder and the lungs

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