Association between long-term ambient air pollution exposure and the risk of breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Wu, Wei; Wu, Bing-Jie; Wu, Yue; Tong, Zhuting; Zhong, Fei; Hu, Chengyang

doi:10.1007/s11356-021-14903-5

Cited by 23 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Furthermore, ambient air CO concentration was associated with a lower MBD, while other criteria air pollutants were not related to MBD. Our present results about ambient air NO 2 and PMx (PM 2.5 & PM 10 ) concentration were consistent with a recent systematic study and metaanalysis that found an increased risk of breast cancer with an increase in each 10 unit in NO 2 exposure (Hazard ratio (HR) = 1.02, 95 CI = 1.01-1.04), while PM 2.5 and PM 10 revealed no statistically significant associations with breast cancer risk [11]. The results of our study on the relationship between air pollutants and MBD seem to be in line with studies that have examined the relationship between these pollutants and breast cancer.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…A systematic review and meta-analysis in 2021 investigated whether high levels of air pollution exposure were related to increased breast cancer risk [ 11 ]. This study showed that NO 2 had a “moderate level of evidence” and that PM 2.5 and PM 10 have an “inadequate level of evidence” for supporting their association with breast cancer risk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This study showed that NO 2 had a “moderate level of evidence” and that PM 2.5 and PM 10 have an “inadequate level of evidence” for supporting their association with breast cancer risk. Also, the biological mechanism of the effects of air pollutants on breast cancer still remains unknown [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Air pollution exposure and mammographic breast density in Tehran, Iran: a cross-sectional study

Eslami

Alipour

Omranipour

et al. 2022

Environ. Health Prev. Med.

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Background: Air pollution is one of the major public health challenges in many parts of the world possibly has an association with breast cancer. However, the mechanism is still unclear. This study aimed to find an association between exposure to six criteria ambient air pollutants (PM 2.5 , PM 10 , SO 2 , NO 2 , O 3 , and CO) and mammographic breast density (MBD), as one of the strongest predictors for developing breast cancer, in women living in Tehran, Iran. Methods: Participants were selected from women attending two university hospitals for screening mammography from 2019 to 2021. Breast density was rated by two expert radiologists. Individual exposures to 3-year ambient air pollution levels at the residence were estimated.Results: The final analysis in 791 eligible women showed that low and high breast density was detected in 34.8 and 62.2 of participants, respectively. Logistic regression analysis after considering all possible confounding factors represented that an increase in each unit of NO 2 (ppb) exposure was associated with an increased risk of breast density with an OR equal to 1.04 (95CI: 1.01 to 1.07). Furthermore, CO level was associated with a decreasing breast density (OR = 0.40, 95CI = 0.19 to 0.86). None of the other pollutants were associated with breast density. Conclusion: Higher MBD was associated with an increased level of NO 2 , as a marker of traffic-related air pollution. Furthermore, CO concentration was associated with a lower MBD, while other criteria air pollutants were not related to MBD. Further studies are needed to evaluate the association between ambient air pollutants with MBD.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Air pollution exposure and mammographic breast density in Tehran, Iran: a cross-sectional study

Eslami

Alipour

Omranipour

et al. 2022

Environ. Health Prev. Med.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Our present results about ambient air NO 2 and PMx (PM 2.5 & PM 10 ) concentration were consistent with a recent systematic study and meta-analysis that found an increased risk of breast cancer with an increase in each 10 unit in NO 2 exposure (Hazard ratio (HR) = 1.02, 95% CI = 1.01-1.04), while PM 2.5 and PM 10 revealed no statistically signi cant associations with breast cancer risk (11). The results of our study on the relationship between air pollutants and MBD seem to be in line with studies that have examined the relationship between these pollutants and breast cancer.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…To draw risk-reducing strategies for breast cancer, studying the impacts of ambient air pollutants on breast density may provide valuable data for monitoring and etiologic factors. Previous studies had limitations in the assessment of the exposure, in adjusting confounding variables, and in outcome ascertainment to nd a causal relationship; therefore further studies have been recommended (11).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air pollution Exposure And Mammographic Breast Density In Tehran, Iran

Eslami

Alipour

Omranipour

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Air pollution is one of the major public health challenges in many parts of the world possibly has an association with breast cancer. However, the mechanism is still unclear. This study aimed to find an association between exposure to six criteria ambient air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, O3, and CO) and mammographic breast density (MBD), as one of the strongest predictors for developing breast cancer, in women living in Tehran, Iran.Methods: Participants were selected from women attending two university hospitals for screening mammography from 2019 to2021. Breast density was rated by two expert radiologists. Individual exposures to 3-years ambient air pollution levels at the residence were estimated.Results: The final analysis in 791 eligible women showed that low and high breast density was detected in 34.8% and 62.2% of participants, respectively. Logistic regression analysis after considering all possible confounding factors represented that an increase in 10 units of NO2 (ppb) exposure was associated with an increased risk of breast density with an OR equal to 1.47 (95% CI: 1.10 to 1.97). Furthermore, CO level was associated with a decreasing breast density (OR = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.17 to 0.64). None of the other pollutants were associated with breast density.Conclusion: MBD was associated with higher levels of ambient air NO2 and lower levels of CO. Perhaps MBD monitoring as an available tool in each population, can help the prediction of future breast cancer occurrence and finding the high-risk geographic areas.

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Chemical Effects on Breast Development, Function, and Cancer Risk: Existing Knowledge and New Opportunities

Kay

Cardona²,

Rudel³

et al. 2022

Curr Envir Health Rpt

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Population studies show worrisome trends towards earlier breast development, difficulty in breastfeeding, and increasing rates of breast cancer in young women. Multiple epidemiological studies have linked these outcomes with chemical exposures, and experimental studies have shown that many of these chemicals generate similar effects in rodents, often by disrupting hormonal regulation. These endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can alter the progression of mammary gland (MG) development, impair the ability to nourish offspring via lactation, increase mammary tissue density, and increase the propensity to develop cancer. However, current toxicological approaches to measuring the effects of chemical exposures on the MG are often inadequate to detect these effects, impairing our ability to identify exposures harmful to the breast and limiting opportunities for prevention. This paper describes key adverse outcomes for the MG, including impaired lactation, altered pubertal development, altered morphology (such as increased mammographic density), and cancer. It also summarizes evidence from humans and rodent models for exposures associated with these effects. We also review current toxicological practices for evaluating MG effects, highlight limitations of current methods, summarize debates related to how effects are interpreted in risk assessment, and make recommendations to strengthen assessment approaches. Increasing the rigor of MG assessment would improve our ability to identify chemicals of concern, regulate those chemicals based on their effects, and prevent exposures and associated adverse health effects.

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Association between long-term ambient air pollution exposure and the risk of breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 23 publications

References 41 publications

Air pollution exposure and mammographic breast density in Tehran, Iran: a cross-sectional study

Air pollution exposure and mammographic breast density in Tehran, Iran: a cross-sectional study

Air pollution Exposure And Mammographic Breast Density In Tehran, Iran

Chemical Effects on Breast Development, Function, and Cancer Risk: Existing Knowledge and New Opportunities

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