Association Between Lifetime Marijuana Use and Cognitive Function in Middle Age

Auer, Reto; Vittinghoff, Eric; Yaffe, Kristine; Künzi, Arnaud; Kertesz, Stefan G.; Levine, Deborah A.; Albanese, Emiliano; Whitmer, Rachel A.; Jacobs, David R.; Sidney, Stephen; Glymour, M. Maria; Pletcher, Mark J.

doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.7841

Cited by 116 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…This finding is consistent with epidemiologic data, showing that active older drug users tend to have to a pervasive pattern of medical comorbidities and an elevated rate of treatment admissions, especially among persons aged 50-64 years (Wu and Blazer, 2011). The long-term effect of cannabis use among middle-aged or elder adults may be related to manifestations of multiple health conditions, such as addiction, memory impairment, or cardiovascular disease that require more treatment (Auer et al, 2016; Hall, 2015; Thomas et al, 2014). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends and Correlates of Cannabis-involved Emergency Department Visits: 2004 to 2011

Zhu

2016

Journal of Addiction Medicine

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Objectives To examine trends and correlates of cannabis-involved emergency department (ED) visits in the United States from 2004 to 2011. Methods Data were obtained from the 2004-2011 Drug Abuse Warning Network. We analyzed trend in cannabis-involved ED visits for persons aged ≥12 years and stratified by type of cannabis involvement (cannabis-only, cannabis-polydrug). We used logistic regressions to determine correlates of cannabis-involved hospitalization versus cannabis-involved ED visits only. Results Between 2004 and 2011, the ED visit rate increased from 51 to 73 visits per 100,000 population aged ≥ 12 years for cannabis-only use (P-value for trend=0.004) and from 63 to 100 for cannabis-polydrug use (P-value for trend<0.001). Adolescents aged 12-17 years showed the largest increase in the cannabis-only-involved ED visit rate (Rate difference=80 per 100,000 adolescents). Across racial/ethnic groups, the most prevalent ED visits were noted among non-Hispanic blacks. Among cannabis-involved visits, the odds of hospitalization (versus ED visits only) increased with age strata compared with aged 12-17 years. Conclusions These findings suggest a notable increase in the ED visit numbers and rates for both the use of cannabis-only and cannabis-polydrug during the studied period, particularly among young people and non-Hispanic blacks.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends and Correlates of Cannabis-involved Emergency Department Visits: 2004 to 2011

Zhu

2016

Journal of Addiction Medicine

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“…Several recent reviews have summarized the consequences of marijuana use on neurocognitive functioning in adolescence (Jackson et al, 2016) and adulthood (Auer, Vittinghoff, Yaffe, et al, 2016; Broyd et al, 2016), and have highlighted deficits in verbal memory, processing speed, and executive functioning (Volkow, Swanson, et al, 2016). Presumably functional MRI studies reflect the brain changes underlying the long-term neurocognitive deficits; however, the connection between structural brain changes and functional manifestations has not been clearly defined.…”

Section: Functional Mri Observations In Marijuana Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Marijuana Use on Brain Structure and Function

Brumback

Castro

Jacobus

et al. 2016

International Review of Neurobiology

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Marijuana, behind only tobacco and alcohol, is the most popular recreational drug in America with prevalence rates of use rising over the past decade. A wide range of research has highlighted neurocognitive deficits associated with marijuana use, particularly when initiated during childhood or adolescence. Neuroimaging, describing alterations to brain structure and function, has begun to provide a picture of possible mechanisms associated with the deleterious effects of marijuana use. This chapter provides a neurodevelopmental framework from which recent data on brain structural and functional abnormalities associated with marijuana use is reviewed. Based on the current data, we provide aims for future studies to more clearly delineate the effects of marijuana on the developing brain and to define underlying mechanisms of the potential long-term negative consequences of marijuana use.

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“…Some studies have found significantly heightened risk for adverse psychological outcomes among chronic high-frequency marijuana use trajectories (Arria et al, 2016; Brook et al, 2011a, 2011b; Flory et al, 2004; Juon et al, 2011; Lynne-Landsman et al, 2010; Newcomb and Bentler, 1988; Pardini et al, 2015); results have been mixed or non-significant in other studies (Bechtold et al, 2015; Brown et al, 2004; Ellickson et al, 2004; Windle and Wiesner 2004). Cognitive outcomes such as verbal memory have been negatively associated with cumulative lifetime marijuana exposure (Auer et al, 2016), and there is some indication that delayed recall may improve among individuals who cease weakly marijuana use (Tait et al, 2011). Overall physical health has been found to be significantly lower and physical health service utilization higher in individuals with chronic high-frequency marijuana use trajectories than among abstainers (Arria et al, 2016; Ellickson et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, studies have documented no differences by marijuana trajectories on some specific physical health conditions (e.g., pulmonary function, respiratory conditions, physical injury; Bechtold et al, 2015; Pletcher et al, 2012). In most of these studies, health outcomes were measured during the 20s or 30s; few studies examined outcomes during the 40s or at age 50 (Auer et a., 2016; Juon et al, 2011; Pletcher et al, 2012). Thus, the majority of research has focused on ages of relatively low health care demand; health care visits are lowest for individuals aged 18-44 (National Center for Health Statistics [NCHS], 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal patterns of marijuana use across ages 18–50 in a US national sample: A descriptive examination of predictors and health correlates of repeated measures latent class membership

Terry‐McElrath

O’Malley

Johnston

et al. 2017

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Background This descriptive study identified latent classes of longitudinal marijuana use from ages 18 through 50 among a national sample; examined covariate associations with class membership regarding use/non-use, use intensity, and use duration; and described associations between identified latent classes and age 50 health outcomes. Methods The study involved collection and primary analysis of data from 9,831 individuals first surveyed as 12th graders in the national Monitoring the Future study and followed through modal age 50. Repeated measures latent class analysis was used to identify latent classes based on self-reported past 12-month marijuana use. Results Seven latent classes of marijuana use from ages 18 to 50 were identified including Non-users (44%), two classes characterized by shorter-term use patterns (totaling 28%), and four classes characterized by longer-term moderate or heavy use (totaling 28%). Use reduction appeared particularly likely during early and late 20s. Gender, parental education, alcohol/cigarette use, religious commitment, and marital status differentiated use/non-use, use intensity, and use duration after high school. In non-causal models controlling for covariates, longer-term marijuana use classes (where use extended into the late 20s or beyond) were associated with significantly higher odds of negative health outcomes at age 50. Conclusions Approximately 28% of the national sample reported longer-term moderate/heavy marijuana use, which was associated with negative health outcomes at age 50. The early and late 20s may be especially important periods for marijuana use prevention and intervention efforts, which may be strengthened by recognition of characteristics that appear to have significant associations with persistent use.

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Association Between Lifetime Marijuana Use and Cognitive Function in Middle Age

Cited by 116 publications

References 38 publications

Trends and Correlates of Cannabis-involved Emergency Department Visits: 2004 to 2011

Trends and Correlates of Cannabis-involved Emergency Department Visits: 2004 to 2011

Effects of Marijuana Use on Brain Structure and Function

Longitudinal patterns of marijuana use across ages 18–50 in a US national sample: A descriptive examination of predictors and health correlates of repeated measures latent class membership

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