Association between levels of blood trace minerals and periodontitis among United States adults

Abstract

AimEvidence linking trace minerals and periodontitis is limited. To investigate the relationship between trace minerals (selenium, manganese, lead, cadmium, and mercury) and periodontitis, data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were analyzed after accounting for potential confounding factors. No known studies have explored the relationship between these five trace minerals and periodontitis.Materials and methodsA total of 4,964 participants who had undergone a full-mouth periodontal examination and laboratory tests for five trace minerals were studied in a cross-sectional study. Clinical attachment loss (CAL) and periodontitis grading were used to measure periodontitis severity. Linear and logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between trace minerals and periodontitis. Further subgroup analyses were performed.ResultsBlood lead and cadmium levels were positively associated with mean CAL, and blood selenium was negatively associated with mean CAL; however, blood mercury, blood manganese, and mean CAL were not significantly associated. The association between trace minerals and mean CAL was more significant in males, the elderly, and patients with diabetes. There was a threshold effect between blood cadmium levels and mean CAL. Among the Black population, the relationship between blood cadmium levels and mean CAL followed an inverted U-shaped curve. There was a saturation effect in the study of blood lead in people aged 45–59 years old.ConclusionOur study highlighted that blood selenium, lead, and cadmium levels were significantly associated with periodontitis in a nationally representative sample of United States adults.

A pro-inflammatory diet is associated with an increased odds of periodontitis: finding from a case–control study

“…However, selenium is essential for immune responses, and serum levels are inversely related to inflammation and tissue destruction [ 46 ]. It has also been reported that low serum selenium levels may be associated with the severity of periodontal disease [ 47 ]. Although studies are limited, maintaining selenium levels in periodontal disease may help manage them [ 48 ].…”

Dietary vitamin B6 intake and stroke are negatively associated in adults: A cross-sectional study from the NHANES

“…Identical diagnostic criteria were applied for hypertension and arthritis. Smoking behavior was classified into three categories: never smoked (less than 100 cigarettes smoked in their lifetime), former smoker (smoked >100 cigarettes in their lifetime but quit smoking), and current smoker (smoked >100 cigarettes in their lifetime and still smoked regularly or occasionally) [ 23 ]. Alcohol consumption was classified based on the following criteria: never drinkers were those who reported <12 drinks in their lifetime, ever drinkers were those who reported >12 drinks in their lifetime but none in the previous year.…”

Association between serum uric acid, hyperuricemia and periodontitis: a cross-sectional study using NHANES data

“…A variety of potential covariates were assessed according to the literature [ 13 , 17 ], including age; race/ethnicity; education; marital status; income-poverty ratio (PIR); alcohol status; smoking status; dietary fiber consumption; total fat consumption; body mass index (BMI); gout; congestive heart failure; coronary heart disease; angina; stroke; weak/failing kidneys; diabetes; hypertension and dental visit. Race/ethnicity was categorized as Mexican American, other Hispanic, non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, non-Hispanic Asian, or other race.…”