Association between land cover and &lt;i&gt;Culicoides&lt;/i&gt; (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) breeding sites on four Danish cattle farms

Kirkeby, Carsten; Bødker, René; Stockmarr, Anders; Enøe, Claes

doi:10.33338/ef.84482

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In addition, proximity to features such as water bodies or damp ground can affect vector community and density. Areas near standing water are often important for determining prevalence of Plasmodium , which is most frequently mosquito‐borne (Wood et al, ), whereas damp and marshy ground is more important for parasites vectored by Culicoides midges, the primary vectors of Haemoproteus (Kirkeby, Bødker, Stockmarr, & Enøe, ). However, a recent study of Amazonian birds did not find such a relationship (Pulgarín‐R et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interspecific transfer of parasites following a range‐shift in Ficedula flycatchers

Jones

Kulma

Bensch

et al. 2018

Ecology and Evolution

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Human‐induced climate change is expected to cause major biotic changes in species distributions and thereby including escalation of novel host‐parasite associations. Closely related host species that come into secondary contact are especially likely to exchange parasites and pathogens. Both the Enemy Release Hypothesis (where invading hosts escape their original parasites) and the Novel Weapon Hypothesis (where invading hosts bring new parasites that have detrimental effects on native hosts) predict that the local host will be most likely to experience a disadvantage. However, few studies evaluate the occurrence of interspecific parasite transfer by performing wide‐scale geographic sampling of pathogen lineages, both within and far from host contact zones. In this study, we investigate how haemosporidian (avian malaria) prevalence and lineage diversity vary in two, closely related species of passerine birds; the pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca and the collared flycatcher F. albicollis in both allopatry and sympatry. We find that host species is generally a better predictor of parasite diversity than location, but both prevalence and diversity of parasites vary widely among populations of the same bird species. We also find a limited and unidirectional transfer of parasites from pied flycatchers to collared flycatchers in a recent contact zone. This study therefore rejects both the Enemy Release Hypothesis and the Novel Weapon Hypothesis and highlights the complexity and importance of studying host‐parasite relationships in an era of global climate change and species range shifts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…more important for parasites vectored by Culicoides midges, the primary vectors of Haemoproteus(Kirkeby, Bødker, Stockmarr, & Enøe, 2009). However, a recent study of Amazonian birds did not find such a relationship(Pulgarín-R et al, 2018).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Interspecific transfer of parasites following a range‐shift in Ficedula flycatchers

Jones

Kulma

Bensch

et al. 2018

Ecology and Evolution

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“…This may be a problem of insufficient data resolution: even the CORINE land cover index, a dataset of finer spatial resolution than the Climate Change Initiative Land Cover used here, cannot accurately predict Culicoides spp. breeding sites [83]. Thus, high-resolution remote sensing might be required to improve the performance of land cover variables for Culicoides spp.…”

Section: Culicoides Spp Distribution Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A model for the assessment of bluetongue virus serotype 1 persistence in Spain

et al. 2020

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Bluetongue virus (BTV) is an arbovirus of ruminants that has been circulating in Europe continuously for more than two decades and has become endemic in some countries such as Spain. Spain is ideal for BTV epidemiological studies since BTV outbreaks from different sources and serotypes have occurred continuously there since 2000; BTV-1 has been reported there from 2007 to 2017. Here we develop a model for BTV-1 endemic scenario to estimate the risk of an area becoming endemic, as well as to identify the most influential factors for BTV-1 persistence. We created abundance maps at 1-km 2 spatial resolution for the main vectors in Spain, Culicoides imicola and Obsoletus and Pulicaris complexes, by combining environmental satellite data with occurrence models and a random forest machine learning algorithm. The endemic model included vector abundance and host-related variables (farm density). The three most relevant variables in the endemic model were the abundance of C. imicola and Obsoletus complex and density of goat farms (AUC 0.86); this model suggests that BTV-1 is more likely to become endemic in central and southwestern regions of Spain. It only requires host-and vector-related variables to identify areas at greater risk of becoming endemic for bluetongue. Our results highlight the importance of suitable Culicoides spp. prediction maps for bluetongue epidemiological studies and decision-making about control and eradication measures.

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“…Dispersal studies using mark-release-recapture technique suggested possible dispersal distance of 1.75 km per 24 h in Denmark and of 1.50 km per 24 h in the UK (Kluiters et al, 2008;Kirkeby et al, 2009). The flight altitude was assessed by Sanders et al (2011a) in the UK recording adult biting midges at 200 m above land using a tethered balloon.…”

Section: Hours Of Attack and Dispersalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Breeding habitats of other species such as C. pulicaris has been found in soil samples from grazed field with manure in Denmark (Kirkeby et al., ).…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bluetongue: control, surveillance and safe movement of animals

Nielsen¹

2017

EFS2

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The performance of different bluetongue control measures related to both vaccination and protection from bluetongue virus (BTV) vectors was assessed. By means of a mathematical model, it was concluded that when vaccination is applied on 95% of animals even for 3 years, bluetongue cannot be eradicated and is able to re-emerge. Only after 5 years of vaccination, the infection may be close to the eradication levels. In the absence of vaccination, the disease can persist for several years, reaching an endemic condition with low level of prevalence of infection. Among the mechanisms for bluetongue persistence, the persistence in the wildlife, the transplacental transmission in the host, the duration of viraemia and the possible vertical transmission in vectors were assessed. The criteria of the current surveillance scheme in place in the EU for demonstration of the virus absence need revision, because it was highlighted that under the current surveillance policy bluetongue circulation might occur undetected. For the safe movement of animals, newborn ruminants from vaccinated mothers with neutralising antibodies can be considered protected against infection, although a protective titre threshold cannot be identified. The presence of colostral antibodies interferes with the vaccine immunisation in the newborn for more than 3 months after birth, whereas the minimum time after vaccination of animal to be considered immune can be up to 48 days. The knowledge about vectors ecology, mechanisms of over-wintering and criteria for the seasonally vector-free period was updated. Some Culicoides species are active throughout the year and an absolute vector-free period may not exist at least in some areas in Europe. To date, there is no evidence that the use of insecticides and repellents reduce the transmission of BTV in the field, although this may reduce host/vector contact. By only using pour-on insecticides, protection of animals is lower than the one provided by vector-proof establishments.

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Association between land cover and <i>Culicoides</i> (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) breeding sites on four Danish cattle farms

Cited by 9 publications

References 11 publications

Interspecific transfer of parasites following a range‐shift in Ficedula flycatchers

Interspecific transfer of parasites following a range‐shift in Ficedula flycatchers

A model for the assessment of bluetongue virus serotype 1 persistence in Spain

Bluetongue: control, surveillance and safe movement of animals

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