Association between inflammatory bowel disease, nephrolithiasis, tubulointerstitial nephritis, and chronic kidney disease: A propensity score‐matched analysis of US nationwide inpatient sample 2016–2018

Abstract

AimInflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), is increasing globally. We aimed to evaluate the potential association between IBD and prevalent nephrolithiasis, tubulointerstitial nephritis, and chronic kidney disease (CKD).MethodsData of hospitalized adults ≥20 years were extracted from the US National Inpatient Sample (NIS) during 2016 to 2018. Patients with UC, CD and CKD were identified through the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth revision (ICD‐10) codes. Propensity score‐matching (PSM) were conducted to balance the characteristics between the comparison groups. Logistic regressions were performed to determine the relationships between UC, CD, and kidney conditions of interest.ResultsAfter exclusions and 1:1 PSM, we derived three cohorts: Cohort 1 contained 235 262 subjects (117 631 with CD or without IBD); Cohort 2 contained 140 856 subjects (70 428 with UC or without IBD); and Cohort 3 contained 139 098 subjects (69 549 with CD or UC). Multivariable analysis revealed that, compared to no IBD, CD was significantly associated with greater odds for nephrolithiasis (aOR = 2.25, 95% CI: 2.08–2.43), tubulointerstitial nephritis (aOR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.24–1.38), CKD at any stage (aOR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.24–1.32), and moderate to severe CKD (aOR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.17–1.26), while UC was associated with more nephrolithiasis. Compared to UC, CD was associated with higher odds for all those kidney conditions.ConclusionsThis large epidemiological study indicate that patients with CD are especially more likely to have nephrolithiasis, tubulointerstitial nephritis, CKD at any stage, and moderate to severe CKD.