Association between<i>Giardia duodenalis</i>and Coinfection with Other Diarrhea-Causing Pathogens in India

Mukherjee, A. K.; Chowdhury, P.; Rajendran, K.; Nozaki, Tomoyoshi; Ganguly, Subha

doi:10.1155/2014/786480

Cited by 18 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Co-infection by multiple groups of enteric pathogens has been demonstrated to be the norm in diarrhoea cases [20]. The possible reasons are: (i) that when one intestinal pathogen infects the body, the infection rate of other pathogens increases [21]; (ii), these are foodborne pathogens and can be found in the same contaminated foods increasing the likelihood of mixed infections in risk populations. It has been reported that co-infections with multiple enteric pathogens occur mainly in zones with poor quality of food, drinking water and poor sanitary conditions in the environment [20,22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile of Escherichia coli and Salmonella Causing Childhood Diarrhoea in Awka Municipality, South-eastern Nigeria

Mc¹,

Gi²,

Cp³

et al. 2017

Clin Microbiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile of Escherichia coli and Salmonella Causing Childhood Diarrhoea in Awka Municipality, South-eastern Nigeria

Mc¹,

Gi²,

Cp³

et al. 2017

Clin Microbiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Giardia transmission is not as well understood as Cryptosporidium, mostly because typing approaches have been suboptimal and routine surveillance in developed countries has focussed on the link to travel, rather than indigenous sources of infection [143]. Hygiene linked to water is important and occurrence in developing countries shows no relationship to rainfall [144]. However, the infection is common, and determining any change due to climate may be difficult.…”

Section: Protozoamentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate Change and Water-Related Infectious Diseases

Nichols

Lake²,

Heaviside

2018

Atmosphere

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Water-related, including waterborne, diseases remain important sources of morbidity and mortality worldwide, but particularly in developing countries. The potential for changes in disease associated with predicted anthropogenic climate changes make water-related diseases a target for prevention. Methods: We provide an overview of evidence on potential future changes in water-related disease associated with climate change. Results: A number of pathogens are likely to present risks to public health, including cholera, typhoid, dysentery, leptospirosis, diarrhoeal diseases and harmful algal blooms (HABS). The risks are greatest where the climate effects drive population movements, conflict and disruption, and where drinking water supply infrastructure is poor. The quality of evidence for water-related disease has been documented. Conclusions: We highlight the need to maintain and develop timely surveillance and rapid epidemiological responses to outbreaks and emergence of new waterborne pathogens in all countries. While the main burden of waterborne diseases is in developing countries, there needs to be both technical and financial mechanisms to ensure adequate quantities of good quality water, sewage disposal and hygiene for all. This will be essential in preventing excess morbidity and mortality in areas that will suffer from substantial changes in climate in the future.Atmosphere 2018, 9, 385 2 of 60 which do not suffer the consequences of extreme events to the same extent [4]. Due to the lifetime of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, and the timescales associated with ocean warming, even if global CO 2 emissions were curtailed immediately, the effects on the earth's climate, including increasing temperatures and sea level rise would continue for a number of decades before starting to plateau [2]. However, this should be seen as a general call to action to reduce emissions as soon as possible, given that the impacts are likely to extend beyond current conditions and there are indications that economic investment now will be likely to reduce costs later [5]. There is also a need to develop adaptations to cope with changes in climate. Recent research highlighting the health benefits of limiting future temperature rises to the more ambitious target of 1.5 • C rather than 2 • C, in line with the Paris agreement of 2016, further emphasises the need to limit emissions [6].Climate change affects health in a number of ways, and the impacts vary both geographically and between different populations. A growing and ageing population in much of the world means that the proportion of the population who are vulnerable to the effects of climate change will increase in the future [7]. The most direct impacts from climate change are from the effects of high temperatures, and from acute impacts relating to extreme events such as storms, floods and heatwaves. These physical or meteorological stressors can produce direct health effects, such as physical injury, illness, or mental health impacts du...

show abstract

“…Generally, this is due to the diagnostic laboratories not continuing to search for subsequent pathogens once they have diagnosed the first. This represents a possible gap in knowledge, as previous studies from developing countries have demonstrated that the presence of other pathogens such as Heliobacter pylori, Vibrio cholerae and rotavirus have been associated with Giardia co-infection [42][43][44]. Research on the prevalence of coinfections in returned travellers and whether identifying these co-infections is practical may be warranted in the future.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of exposure to risk factors for giardiasis in non-travellers, domestic travellers and international travellers in a Canadian community, 2006–2012

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The purpose of this study is to determine how demographic and exposure factors related to giardiasis vary between travel and endemic cases. Exposure and demographic data were gathered by public health inspectors from giardiasis cases reported from the Region of Waterloo from 2006 to 2012. Logistic regression models were fit to assess differences in exposure to risk factors for giardiasis between international travel-related cases and Canadian acquired cases while controlling for age and sex. Multinomial regression models were also fit to assess the differences in risk profiles between international and domestic travel-related cases and endemic cases. Travel-related cases (both international and domestic) were more likely to go camping or kayaking, and consume untreated water compared to endemic cases. Domestic travel-related cases were more likely to visit a petting zoo or farm compared to endemic cases, and were more likely to swim in freshwater compared to endemic cases and international travel-related cases. International travellers were more likely to swim in an ocean compared to both domestic travel-related and endemic cases. These findings demonstrate that travel-related and endemic cases have different risk exposure profiles which should be considered for appropriately targeting health promotion campaigns.

show abstract

Association betweenGiardia duodenalisand Coinfection with Other Diarrhea-Causing Pathogens in India

Cited by 18 publications

References 14 publications

Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile of Escherichia coli and Salmonella Causing Childhood Diarrhoea in Awka Municipality, South-eastern Nigeria

Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile of Escherichia coli and Salmonella Causing Childhood Diarrhoea in Awka Municipality, South-eastern Nigeria

Climate Change and Water-Related Infectious Diseases

A comparison of exposure to risk factors for giardiasis in non-travellers, domestic travellers and international travellers in a Canadian community, 2006–2012

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About