Association between I/D, G14480C, A22982G Polymorphisms of Angiotesin I-Converting Enzyme Gene and Essential Hypertension in the Korean Population

Kim, Jongmin; Shin, Dong Jik; Bae, Yoonjung; Kim, Sook; Lee, Jong Eun; Park, Chanmi; Park, Hyun-Young; Yoon, Sungjoo Kim; Jang, Yangsoo

doi:10.4070/kcj.2004.34.12.1137

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The genetic influence is speculated to be responsible for 30-40% of the blood pressure variation 1). Although much progress has been made during the past 20 years with regard to our knowledge of the genetic background of essential hypertension, studies concerning the candidate genes in various populations have produced inconsistent and often unclear results 2)3)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metalloproteinase-3 Genotype as a Predictor of Cardiovascular Risk in Hypertensive Adolescents

2009

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Background and ObjectivesHypertension develops as a result of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis or as a result of exchange of the extracellular matrix. In particular, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 is a major enzyme involved in the reconstruction of the arterial intima through activation of other MMPs. We analyzed MMP-3 genotypes in hypertensive and normotensive adolescents and sought to determine if a particular genotype is a predictor of cardiovascular complications.Subjects and MethodsForty-four hypertensive adolescents and 59 healthy adolescents were included in this study. Serum aldosterone, renin, insulin, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), insulin, homocysteine, vitamin B12, folate, MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMP)-1, and TIMP-2 were measured. MMP-3 genotypes were analyzed using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primer. The carotid intima media thickness (IMT), diameter, and brachial ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) were evaluated using ultrasound.ResultsIn hypertensive adolescents, blood pressure, anthropometric data, carotid IMT, baPWV, serum pro-MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 were no different between the 6A/6A group and the 5A/6A group. Serum MMP-9 was higher in the 5A/6A group than in the control group. Aldosterone, insulin, and homocysteine were higher in the 6A/6A group than in the control group, and vitamin B12 and folate were lower in the 6A/6A group than in the control group.ConclusionIn conclusion, serum MMP-3 levels were not significantly different in different MMP-3 genotypes in hypertensive adolescents. However, few patients were included in this study. Further investigation is necessary to clarify the relationship between MMP-3 genotype and cardiovascular risk.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metalloproteinase-3 Genotype as a Predictor of Cardiovascular Risk in Hypertensive Adolescents

2009

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“…2) Fuji et al successfully retrieved the digitized signal of 110-nm-long mark trains in mark position recording, 3) and obtained an eye pattern of mark-edge recording that consists of 150-600-nm-mark trains 4) on the super-RENS disc with a PtO x layer in a DVD-based system. Kim and coworkers reported that CNRs at the mark lengths of 80 nm 5) and 50 nm 6) reach up to 42 dB by adopting a structure in which a PtO x layer is sandwiched by Ag-In-Sb-Te 5) or Ge-Sb-Te 6) layers via ZnS-SiO 2 layers, in a DVDbased system 5) and a Blu-ray Disc (BD)-based system, 6) respectively.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The film thicknesses are 40, 20, 20, 60, 4, and 70 nm. In contrast to previous studies, [5][6][7] we did not adopt the double phase-change layer structure nor the divided PtO x structure for structural simplicity. We used silver alloy for the reflective layer, (ZnS) 85 (SiO 2 ) 15 for the dielectric layers, and Sb 75 Te 25 for the phase-change layer.…”

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confidence: 99%

Properties of Super-Resolution Near-Field Structure with Platinum-Oxide Layer in Blu-ray Disc System

Kikukawa

Fukuzawa

Kobayashi

2005

Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.

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The super-resolution near-field structure with a platinum-oxide layer was applied to the Blu-ray Disc system. The carrier-to-noise ratios of 50.1, 46.2, and 39.2 dB were obtained at the mark lengths of 75, 50, and 37.5 nm, respectively, which are smaller than the resolution limit of 119 nm of the optics. Mark position recording with a mark length of 50 nm was also attempted, and we succeeded in retrieving recorded patterns correctly without loss of the signal.

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Insertion/deletion polymorphism of angiotensin converting enzyme gene in Korean hypertensive adolescents

et al. 2009

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The essential role of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in controlling blood pressure has been well established. Genes encoding components of the RAS have been proposed as candidate genes that determine genetic predisposition to hypertension and the risk of developing cardiovascular complications. The purpose of this study was to analyze angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphisms in Korean hypertensive adolescents, and to determine the association between ACE genotype and cardiovascular risk. Forty hypertensive adolescents (16-17 years old, systolic blood pressure (BP) > or =140 mm Hg and/or diastolic BP > or =90 mm Hg) and a control group of twenty normotensive adolescents were included in the study. Obesity index (OI) and body mass index (BMI) were calculated. Skin fold thickness and arm circumference were also measured. Fat mass and fat distribution were analyzed by bioelectrical impedance. Blood pressure was measured at resting state by oscillometric methods. Serum aldosterone, renin, insulin, ACE, homocysteine, vitamin B12, and folate levels were evaluated after a fasting period of 12 h. The carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and carotid artery diameter were measured by carotid ultrasound. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) and ankle-brachial index (ABI) were also measured. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was conducted to amplify DNA from blood samples of each individuals to analyze ACE I/D polymorphism. Genotype frequencies of I/I were 37.5%, I/D 45.0% and D/D 17.5%. Serum ACE levels were 33.5 +/- 8.7 U/l in I/I genotype, 48.6 +/- 19.8 U/l in I/D genotype and 61.4 +/- 22.7 U/l in D/D genotype, which showed that ACE levels were significantly higher in those with D/D or I/D genotype than in I/I genotype. Carotid IMT was significantly greater in D/D group than in I/I group. In conclusion, the D allele is associated with the increased level of ACE in Korean hypertensive adolescents.

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Association between I/D, G14480C, A22982G Polymorphisms of Angiotesin I-Converting Enzyme Gene and Essential Hypertension in the Korean Population

Cited by 6 publications

References 20 publications

Metalloproteinase-3 Genotype as a Predictor of Cardiovascular Risk in Hypertensive Adolescents

Metalloproteinase-3 Genotype as a Predictor of Cardiovascular Risk in Hypertensive Adolescents

Properties of Super-Resolution Near-Field Structure with Platinum-Oxide Layer in Blu-ray Disc System

Insertion/deletion polymorphism of angiotensin converting enzyme gene in Korean hypertensive adolescents

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