Association between hypotension during 24 h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and reflex syncope: the SynABPM 1 study

Abstract

Aims Diagnostic criteria for ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) in patients with suspected reflex syncope are lacking. The study hypothesis was that patients with reflex syncope have a higher prevalence of systolic blood pressure (SBP) drops on ABPM. Methods and results ABPM data from reflex syncope patients and controls, matched by average 24 h SBP, age, sex, and hypertension were compared. Patients with constitutional hypotension, orthostatic hypotension, and predominant cardioinhibition during carotid sinus massage or prolonged electrocardiogram monitoring or competing causes of syncope were excluded. Daytime and nighttime SBP drops (<110, 100, 90, 80 mmHg) were assessed. Findings were validated in an independent sample. In the derivation sample, daytime SBP drops were significantly more common in 158 syncope patients than 329 controls. One or more daytime drops <90 mmHg achieved 91% specificity and 32% sensitivity [odds ratio (OR) 4.6, P < 0.001]. Two or more daytime drops <100 mmHg achieved 84% specificity and 40% sensitivity (OR 3.5, P = 0.001). Results were confirmed in the validation sample of 164 syncope patients and 164 controls: one or more daytime SBP drops <90 mmHg achieved 94% specificity and 29% sensitivity (OR 6.2, P < 0.001), while two or more daytime SBP drops <100 mmHg achieved 83% specificity and 35% sensitivity (OR 2.6, P < 0.001) Conclusion SBP drops during ABPM are more common in reflex syncope patients than in controls. Cut-off values that may be applied in clinical practice are defined. This study expands the current indications for ABPM to patients with reflex syncope.

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“…Several forms of cardiovascular dysautonomia should be considered in patients with suspected [31], 24-h BP monitoring for detection of low-BP phenotype and hypotensive tendency [32], and cardiac imaging such as echocardiography and stress-perfusion magnetic resonance imaging [33] are all of great value in the diagnostic workup.…”

“…Several forms of cardiovascular dysautonomia should be considered in patients with suspected post‐COVID‐19 condition. Tests such as active standing or tilt table testing with autonomic function tests, Holter ECG monitoring (mainly for diagnosing IST) [31], 24‐h BP monitoring for detection of low‐BP phenotype and hypotensive tendency [32], and cardiac imaging such as echocardiography and stress‐perfusion magnetic resonance imaging [33] are all of great value in the diagnostic workup.…”

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