Association between hypertension and anthropometric indices in adult men: a case control study

Abstract

Background: Controversies over the value of BMI for the estimation of body fat have led to recommendations of the use of new methods to measure body fat. The objective of the study was to find the association between hypertension and anthropometric variables like BMI, Waist-Hip ratio, Ponderal index, Brocca index.Methods: Newly diagnosed 150 hypertensive patients aged more than 30 years attending medicine OPD were selected as cases. Equal numbers of age matched controls were selected from relative or neighbourhood. Blood pressure of the subjects was recorded. BMI, WHR, Ponderal index, Brocca index were calculated. Association between two categorical variables was analyzed by using Chi -square test, odds ratio along with 95% confidence interval (CI). Student’s T test was used as test of significance for difference between two means. P<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.Results: Those having BMI >25 has 2.28 (1.31, 3.95) times risk of being hypertensive. Those having waist to hip ratio (WHR) >0.9 had 2.73 (1.68, 4.41) times higher chance of being hypertensive. Those having Ponderal Index <40 had 3.08 (1.75, 5.42) times higher risk of hypertension. Those with ideal body weight percent more than 100 by Brocca index had 2.98 (1.84, 4.83) times chance of getting hypertension.Conclusions: Ponderal index (PI), Ideal body weight percent by Brocca index (BI) and waist hip ratio (WHR) were found to be strongly associated with hypertension with higher odds ratio than BMI.

Relationship Between Psychosocial Stress and Blood Pressure: The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Family Heart Study

“…Second, minority groups included only African Americans, limiting generalizability to other racial/ ethnic groups. However, the total of 195 African Americans (35.78%) was higher than that in comparable studies (Bhelkar et al, 2018;Hassoun et al, 2015). Third, participants were fairly young, with a mean age of 28.8 years (SD = 8.73).…”

Tingkat Stres dan Pola Konsumsi terhadap Kejadian Hipertensi pada Pasien Dewasa: Studi Cross-Sectional

“…Lebih dari 9 juta dari kematian ini disebabkan oleh komplikasi hipertensi. Faktor risiko utama hipertensi seperti stres mental (stres psikososial), penggunaan rokok, kurangnya aktivitas fisik, obesitas, dan pola makan yang buruk telah meningkat di seluruh masyarakat sebagai akibat dari perubahan ini (Bhelkar et al, 2018).…”

“…Bukti signifikan menghubungkan tingkat stres yang tinggi dengan hipertensi. Ditemukan bahwa obesitas, kelebihan berat badan, dan kurang olahraga sangat terkait dengan hipertensi (Bhelkar et al, 2018). Stres dapat merangsang kelenjar anak ginjal melepaskan hormon adrenalin dan memacu jantung berdenyut lebih cepat dan kuat, sehingga tekanan darah meningkat (Esaningsih et al, 2018).…”

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“…Stress produces inadequate consumption of foods and intakes of nutrients which leads to fluctuations in the blood sugar and other metabolic reactions. These fluctuations, coupled with abnormal activation of the sympathetic nervous system triggered by stress lead to problems such as tiredness, lapses of concentration, and mood swings; and cumulates into hypertension, diabetes, obesity (Mucci et al, 2016;Bhelkar et al, 2018). In Nigeria, there is a high prevalence of overweight and obesity with estimated values of 21 million and 12 million respectively in the population aged 15 years or more in 2020 (Adeloye et al, 2021).…”