Association between household air pollution from solid fuel use and risk of chronic diseases and their multimorbidity among Chinese adults

The role of liver enzymes in the association between ozone exposure and diabetes risk: a cross-sectional study of Zhuang adults in China

“…Shi et al also reported that the effects of household air pollution increased with the increasing number of morbidities for 15 chronic diseases, including hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, heart disease, stroke, etc. 63 However, several studies have shown no difference in the effects of air pollution on diabetes between hypertensive and non-hypertensive patients, which calls for further exploration of these inconsistencies. 14,64 This study for the rst time investigated the adverse effects of long-term O 3 exposure on FPG levels and diabetes prevalence in Chinese Zhuang adults, and for the rst time demonstrated the mediating role of liver enzymes in the association between O 3 and diabetes.…”

Household solid fuel use and the risk of sarcopenia among middle-aged and older adults in China: the first nationwide cross-sectional and longitudinal study

“…12 Compared with outdoor air pollution, the indoor environment is more closely related to people’s health. 14,15 It is estimated that approximately 450 million people use solid fuels in China, 27 resulting in numerous toxic air pollutants and high concentrations of HAP. 28,29 In our study, the association of household solid fuel use with different stages of sarcopenia was examined by cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses.…”

“…Those using solar, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, marsh gas, electricity, or others were categorized as clean fuels because they produced much less air pollution. 14,24 The duration of solid fuel use was defined according to the type of fuel used in two waves, marked as three subgroups: less than one year, one to two years, and three years or more.…”

“…Compared with the outdoor environment, it is suggested that the indoor environment is more closely related to people’s health. 14,15 The elderly generally spend much of their time in a residential environment after retirement and may have longer exposure to their houses. 16 As the main source of household air pollution (HAP), solid fuel use increases the risk of abundant adverse health effects, including cardiovascular disease (CVD), respiratory diseases, metabolic diseases, and all-cause mortality.…”

“…16 As the main source of household air pollution (HAP), solid fuel use increases the risk of abundant adverse health effects, including cardiovascular disease (CVD), respiratory diseases, metabolic diseases, and all-cause mortality. 14,17 Despite the many efforts to popularize the usage of clean fuel, approximately three billion people still rely on solid fuel (i.e., coal, crop residuals, wood, and dung) for cooking or other household needs, especially in developing countries including China. 18 However, to our knowledge, no large-scale studies have been conducted to explore the association of household solid fuel use with sarcopenia risk in middle-aged and older adults.…”