Association between homocysteine levels and cognitive profile in Alzheimer’s Disease

Luzzi, Simona; Papiri, Giulio; Viticchi, Giovanna; Baldinelli, Sara; Fiori, Chiara; Silvestrini, Mauro; Toraldo, Alessio

doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2021.09.033

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…64 A study analyzing the cognitive abilities of AD patients has demonstrated that elevated Hcy is associated with impairment of memory, especially short and long-term spatial and verbal memory, and motor planning. 71 Another study additionally demonstrated that higher Hcy levels lead to worsened neuropsychiatric symptom and functional impairment severity, as well as more severe and frequent cognitive impairment in AD and vascular dementia. 66 As previously mentioned, abnormalities within bodily concentrations of vitamins and metabolites required for Hcy production and metabolism have been found in dementia patients and these abnormalities have also been implicated to promote cognitive decline and increase dementia risk.…”

Section: Hhcy and Ad Riskmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In general, a correlation between elevated serum Hcy levels and the cognitive, behavioral, and psychological symptoms of AD has been established 64 . A study analyzing the cognitive abilities of AD patients has demonstrated that elevated Hcy is associated with impairment of memory, especially short and long‐term spatial and verbal memory, and motor planning 71 . Another study additionally demonstrated that higher Hcy levels lead to worsened neuropsychiatric symptom and functional impairment severity, as well as more severe and frequent cognitive impairment in AD and vascular dementia 66 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hypertension and hyperhomocysteinemia as modifiable risk factors for Alzheimer's disease and dementia: New evidence, potential therapeutic strategies, and biomarkers

Carey

Fossati

2022

Alzheimer's & Dementia

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This review summarizes recent evidence on how mid-life hypertension, hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) and blood pressure variability, as well as late-life hypotension, exacerbate Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia risk. Intriguingly, HHcy also increases the risk for hypertension, revealing the importance of understanding the relationship between comorbid cardiovascular risk factors. Hypertension-induced dementia presents more evidently in women, highlighting the relevance of sex differences in the impact of cardiovascular risk. We summarize each major antihypertensive drug class's effects on cognitive impairment and AD pathology, revealing how carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, diuretics modulating cerebral blood flow, have recently gained preclinical evidence as promising treatment against AD. We also report novel vascular biomarkers for AD and dementia risk, highlighting those associated with hypertension and HHcy. Importantly, we propose that future studies should consider hypertension and HHcy as potential contributors to cognitive impairment, and that uncovering the underlying molecular mechanisms and biomarkers would aid in the identification of preventive strategies.

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Section: Hhcy and Ad Riskmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypertension and hyperhomocysteinemia as modifiable risk factors for Alzheimer's disease and dementia: New evidence, potential therapeutic strategies, and biomarkers

Carey

Fossati

2022

Alzheimer's & Dementia

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“…Unfortunately, the AUC value of leucine was not enough. In addition, it was also found that SAH (S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine) and methionine were significantly down-regulated after treatment, which was highly correlated with AD [ 31 – 33 ]. We also noted that the amino acid with the highest AUC was the dimer of alanine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic Effects and Metabolic Spectrum of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hengqing II Prescription on Alzheimer’s Disease

Meng

Li²,

Chen

et al. 2022

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) seriously damages elders’ social and daily abilities around the world. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), a rich drug resource bank, could help research AD. In order to explore the role of TCM in AD treatment, 86 AD patients were recruited from the hospital, then treated with Hengqing II prescription and donepezil hydrochloride. The cognitive and serum lipid levels were investigated before and after treatment. The patient’s urine was collected after three months of treatment. Metabolites in the urine samples were extracted with methanol and detected on the UHPLC-MS platform. Results proved that Hengqing II can improve cognitive levels and reduce the levels of Hcy, D-D, FIB, Apo B, TC, and LDL-C compared with donepezil hydrochloride ( P < 0.05 ). The results of multivariate statistical analysis revealed that the metabolism of HQII was significantly different compared with Control groups. A total of 66 differential metabolites were found in this comparison (50 were down-regulated and 16 were up-regulated). Four amino acid pathways and one linoleic acid pathway were found through these metabolites. After receiver operating characteristic analysis, it was suggested that palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid, SAH, and methionine can be used as biomarkers for treating AD, while the effects of daidzein, genistein, and naringenin on the treatment of AD need to be further studied.

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“…Our own lab investigated the relationship between HCy and the cognitive profile of 323 AD patients [ 146 ]; HHCy was associated with poor performance on memory tasks as well as on Luria’s motor planning test.…”

Section: Homocysteine and Cognitive Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Homocysteine, Cognitive Functions, and Degenerative Dementias: State of the Art

et al. 2022

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There is strong evidence that homocysteine is a risk factor not only for cerebrovascular diseases but also for degenerative dementias. A recent consensus statement renewed the importance and the role of high levels of homocysteine in cognitive decline in several forms of degenerative dementia, such as Alzheimer’s disease. Although the molecular mechanisms by which homocysteine causes cell dysfunction are known, both the impact of homocysteine on specific cognitive functions and the relationship between homocysteine level and non-Alzheimer dementias have been poorly investigated. Most of the studies addressing the impact of hyperhomocysteinemia on dementias have not examined the profile of performance across different cognitive domains, and have only relied on screening tests, which provide a very general and coarse-grained picture of the cognitive status of the patients. Yet, trying to understand whether hyperhomocysteinemia is associated with the impairment of specific cognitive functions would be crucial, as it would be, in parallel, learning whether some brain circuits are particularly susceptible to the damage caused by hyperhomocysteinemia. These steps would allow one to (i) understand the actual role of homocysteine in the pathogenesis of cognitive decline and (ii) improve the diagnostic accuracy, differential diagnosis and prognostic implications. This review is aimed at exploring and revising the state of the art of these two strictly related domains. Suggestions for future research are provided.

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Association between homocysteine levels and cognitive profile in Alzheimer’s Disease

Cited by 11 publications

References 49 publications

Hypertension and hyperhomocysteinemia as modifiable risk factors for Alzheimer's disease and dementia: New evidence, potential therapeutic strategies, and biomarkers

Hypertension and hyperhomocysteinemia as modifiable risk factors for Alzheimer's disease and dementia: New evidence, potential therapeutic strategies, and biomarkers

Therapeutic Effects and Metabolic Spectrum of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hengqing II Prescription on Alzheimer’s Disease

Homocysteine, Cognitive Functions, and Degenerative Dementias: State of the Art

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