Association between High Waist-to-Height Ratio and Cardiovascular Risk among Adults Sampled by the 2016 Half-Way National Health and Nutrition Survey in Mexico (ENSANUT MC 2016)

Abstract

Little evidence exists regarding the association between waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and cardiovascular risk (CVR) factors in Mexican adults. Our study pursued a twofold objective: To describe the association between a high WHtR and CVR indicators among Mexican adults canvassed by the 2016 Half-Way National Health and Nutrition Survey, and to examine the interaction of sex and age on this association. We analyzed data from the adult sample (≥20 years old) and classified in two groups using WHtRs ≥0.5 considered high and low otherwise. The following CVR factors were analyzed: High-total-cholesterol (≥200 mg/dL), low high-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c < 40 mg/dL), high low-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c ≥ 130 mg/dL), high triglycerides (≥150 mg/dL), insulin resistance (IR) (HOMA-IR) (≥2.6), and hypertension (HBP) (≥140/≥90 mmHg). We estimated prevalence ratios (PR) to analyze the association between high WHtRs and CVR indicators. Over 90% of participants had high WHtRs and were at greater risk for dyslipidemias, HBP, and IR compared to those that had low WHtRs. PR for men with high WHtRs were between 1.3 to 2.3 for dyslipidemias, 3.4 for HBP and 7.6 for IR; among women were between 1.8 to 2.4 for dyslipidemias and HBP and 5.9 for IR (p < 0.05). A high WHtR is associated with CVR factors in Mexican adults.

Comparison of Obesity-Related Parameters as Predictors of High Pulse Wave Velocity in Middle-Aged and Elderly People in China: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Community-Based Study

“…BMI showed the strongest association in adults [18] or only in one sex [10,17,18], while associations for 3 parameters were nonsigni cant for men after adjustments [5]. However, others have reported results similar to ours [21,[23][24][25][26][27], including a cohort study in which subjects in the highest quartile of WHtR were 4.51 times more likely to have hypertension [28]. A systematic review also found that WHtR was the best parameter for predicting cardiometabolic risk factors, including hypertension [29].…”

“…Sex differences can also explain the discrepancies across reports. Because of metabolic adaptations during menopause, women are at greater risk than men for elevation of total and high lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol after the age of 50, and are more likely to accumulate visceral fat [21]; thus, various indicators in women could show a strong association with PWV or hypertension. Additionally, study design, statistical methods, or selection of variables for adjustment can in uence the degree of association.…”

“…Aging reduces arterial elasticity and causes biochemical and histologic changes in arteries, resulting in increased internalization of visceral fats [6,11,19,20]. Fat is differentially distributed in men and women [21], such that the prevalence of obesity is higher in the latter.…”

Comparison of indirect markers of insulin resistance in adult patients with Double Diabetes

“…Data were analyzed using SPSS v. 23 [20]. We also evaluated the area under the ROC curve (AUC, with 95% confidence intervals).…”

Associação da relação cintura-estatura (RCE) com a presença de aterosclerose subclínica mensurada pelo escore de cálcio coronariano (CAC) e pela espessura íntima média da carótida (EIMC)

“…Recentemente tem recebido atenção especial como marcador de risco à saúde, o uso da Relação Cintura-Estatura (RCE), obtida pela razão da medida da circunferência da cintura (cm) pela medida da altura (cm) para detectar obesidade central e fatores de risco associados (Parikh et al, 2007Ashwell et al, 2012Ashwell et al, 2016;Sangrós et al, 2018;Rangel-Baltazar et al, 2019).…”