Abstract:ObjectivesThis study is conducted to examine whether overall workplace violence (WPV) and its five types are associated with high burn-out among healthcare workers in China.DesignA WeChat-based cross-sectional survey. Snowball sampling was used in this study.ParticipantsFront-line healthcare workers (N=3706) from 149 cities across 23 provinces in China responded to the survey, and 22 questionnaires were excluded because of incomplete data.Primary and secondary outcome measures(1) The Chinese Maslach Burnout In… Show more
“…36 Our results indicate that healthcare workers suffered more abuse than threats during the past year. The results are similar to those found in the literature, 37 where verbal abuse was the most frequent form of violence among healthcare workers in hospitals. Furthermore, focusing on the influencing factors of verbal violence to determine which factors affect them the most may help healthcare administrators and policy-makers improve the situation of verbal violence by prioritising the issues that must be addressed.…”
Section: Mediation Regression Models Of Study Variablessupporting
ObjectiveRecently, Chinese ministries and commissions have issued a series of policies and systems in response to violent injuries to doctors, physical violence have been managed to a certain extent. However, verbal violence has not been deterred and is still prevalent, it has not received appropriate attention. This study thus aimed to assess the impact of verbal violence on the organisational level and identify its risk factors among healthcare workers, so as to provide practical methods for verbal violence reduction and treatment of the complete period.MethodsSix tertiary public hospitals were selected in three provinces (cities) in China. After excluding physical and sexual violence, a total of 1567 remaining samples were included in this study. Descriptive, univariate, Pearson correlation and mediated regression analyses were employed to assess the difference between the variables, emotional responses of healthcare workers to verbal violence and the relationship between verbal violence and emotional exhaustion, job satisfaction, and work engagement.ResultsNearly half of the healthcare workers in China’s tertiary public hospitals experienced verbal violence last year. Healthcare workers who experienced verbal violence had strong emotional response. The exposure of healthcare workers to verbal violence significantly positively predicted the emotional exhaustion (r=0.20, p<0.01), significantly negatively predicted job satisfaction (r=−0.17, p<0.01) and work engagement (r=−0.18, p<0.01), but was not associated with turnover intention. Emotional exhaustion partially mediated the effects of verbal violence on job satisfaction and work engagement.ConclusionsThe results indicate that the incidence of workplace verbal violence in tertiary public hospitals in China is high and cannot be ignored. This study is to demonstrate the organisational-level impact of verbal violence experienced by healthcare workers and to propose training solutions to help healthcare workers reduce the frequency and mitigate the impact of verbal violence.
“…36 Our results indicate that healthcare workers suffered more abuse than threats during the past year. The results are similar to those found in the literature, 37 where verbal abuse was the most frequent form of violence among healthcare workers in hospitals. Furthermore, focusing on the influencing factors of verbal violence to determine which factors affect them the most may help healthcare administrators and policy-makers improve the situation of verbal violence by prioritising the issues that must be addressed.…”
Section: Mediation Regression Models Of Study Variablessupporting
ObjectiveRecently, Chinese ministries and commissions have issued a series of policies and systems in response to violent injuries to doctors, physical violence have been managed to a certain extent. However, verbal violence has not been deterred and is still prevalent, it has not received appropriate attention. This study thus aimed to assess the impact of verbal violence on the organisational level and identify its risk factors among healthcare workers, so as to provide practical methods for verbal violence reduction and treatment of the complete period.MethodsSix tertiary public hospitals were selected in three provinces (cities) in China. After excluding physical and sexual violence, a total of 1567 remaining samples were included in this study. Descriptive, univariate, Pearson correlation and mediated regression analyses were employed to assess the difference between the variables, emotional responses of healthcare workers to verbal violence and the relationship between verbal violence and emotional exhaustion, job satisfaction, and work engagement.ResultsNearly half of the healthcare workers in China’s tertiary public hospitals experienced verbal violence last year. Healthcare workers who experienced verbal violence had strong emotional response. The exposure of healthcare workers to verbal violence significantly positively predicted the emotional exhaustion (r=0.20, p<0.01), significantly negatively predicted job satisfaction (r=−0.17, p<0.01) and work engagement (r=−0.18, p<0.01), but was not associated with turnover intention. Emotional exhaustion partially mediated the effects of verbal violence on job satisfaction and work engagement.ConclusionsThe results indicate that the incidence of workplace verbal violence in tertiary public hospitals in China is high and cannot be ignored. This study is to demonstrate the organisational-level impact of verbal violence experienced by healthcare workers and to propose training solutions to help healthcare workers reduce the frequency and mitigate the impact of verbal violence.
“…Data acquisition was based on interviews or questionnaires [ 16 , 30 – 96 ]. Fifty-one studies described the questionnaires [ 31 – 33 , 36 – 44 , 47 – 70 , 72 – 80 , 82 , 91 – 94 ] with the majority using one of the following questionnaires (Workplace Violence Questionnaire [ 97 ] in 14 studies [ 31 , 32 , 36 , 40 , 50 , 52 , 54 , 59 , 64 , 65 , 67 , 72 , 76 , 82 ], the Nursing Incivility Scale [ 98 ] in two studies [ 62 , 96 ], and the Survey of Violence Experienced by Staff [ 99 ] in two studies [ 53 , 70 ]). Fig.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The overall median frequency of any type of WPV, as reported in a total of 51 studies, was 54% (IQR 37–75%) [ 30 – 33 , 35 – 50 , 52 – 54 , 56 – 61 , 63 – 80 , 82 , 91 , 93 , 94 ]. Fifteen studies did not differentiate violence types, nor did they report explicit numbers from ICU personnel [ 31 , 32 , 36 , 40 , 42 , 43 , 45 , 47 , 49 , 50 , 53 , 60 , 67 , 91 , 93 ]. Thirty-six studies reported the frequency of HCWs who experienced physical violence, verbal violence, and sexual harassment or assault (Fig.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Fourteen studies reported data on the effects of WPV on HCWs in ICUs [ 31 , 34 , 40 , 42 , 43 , 49 , 81 , 83 – 87 , 90 , 95 ]. The most common are compiled in Table 3 .…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Associated symptoms were increased rates of headache, sleeping disturbances, tiredness, higher levels of anxiety, and negative effect on their everyday work including decreased productiveness [ 31 , 42 , 95 ]. This led to serious psychological problems, such as burnout [ 40 ]. Furthermore, nurses stated that incivility negatively impacted their patient safety competence [ 34 , 84 ].…”
Background
To assess the frequency, risk factors, consequences, and prevention of violence against healthcare workers in intensive care units.
Methods
PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, EMBASE, Cochrane, and Web of Science were searched for studies on violence against healthcare workers in adult intensive care units. Risk factors, patient characteristics, and implications for healthcare workers were collected. Study quality, bias, and level of evidence were assessed using established tools.
Results
Seventy-five studies with 139,533 healthcare workers from 32 countries were included. The overall median frequency of violence was 51% (IQR 37–75%). Up to 97% of healthcare workers experienced verbal violence, and up to 82% were victims of physical violence. Meta-analysis of frequency revealed an average frequency of 31% (95% CI 22–41%) for physical violence, 57% for verbal violence (95% CI 48–66%), and 12% for sexual violence (95% CI 4–23%). Heterogeneity was high according to the I2 statistics. Patients were the most common perpetrators (median 56%), followed by visitors (median 22%). Twenty-two studies reported increased risk ratios of up to 2.3 or odds ratios of up to 22.9 for healthcare workers in the ICU compared to other healthcare workers. Risk factors for experiencing violence included young age, less work experience, and being a nurse. Patients who exhibited violent behavior were often male, older, and physically impaired by drugs. Violence was underreported in up to 80% of cases and associated with higher burnout rates, increased anxiety, and higher turnover intentions. Overall the level of evidence was low.
Conclusions
Workplace violence is frequent and underreported in intensive care units, with potential serious consequences for healthcare workers, calling for heightened awareness, screening, and preventive measures. The potential risk factors for violence should be further investigated.
Systematic review registration: The protocol for this review was registered with Prospero on January 15, 2023 (ID CRD42023388449).
Background
Previous studies have demonstrated a strong association between depression and job burnout among healthcare professionals, but the results have been inconsistent, and there is a lack of in-depth exploration of such a relationship among different healthcare professions. The present study aims to investigate the interrelationships between depression and burnout among Chinese healthcare professionals and whether there are differences in the networks of these symptoms between doctors and nurses.
Methods
The Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey and the 2-item Patient Health Questionnaire were employed to assess job burnout and depression among 3,684 healthcare professionals. The translation has been refined to ensure accuracy and academic suitability. Subsequently, network analysis was conducted on 2,244 participants with a higher level of job burnout to identify core symptoms and explore the associations between job burnout and depression.
Results
The present study showed a network association between lack of interest and pleasure in things and being exhausted from work, excessive tiredness facing work, tendency to collapse at work, and lack of passion for work than before among healthcare professionals, as well as a notable difference in the network association between lack of interest and pleasure in things and lack of passion for work than before between nurses and doctors.
Conclusions
The depression-burnout network structures differ between doctors and nurses, highlighting the need for targeted intervention measures for both groups.
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