Background and Objectives: Abnormal pattern of liver enzymes can provide valuable evidence for the diagnosis of a wide range of diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate liver enzyme elevation and its contributing factors in Birjand, Iran. Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was conducted on 5240 residents of Birjand city, Iran. Primarily, liver enzyme test was performed for all participants and then, the test was repeated for all individuals with liver enzyme elevation (i.e. an alanine transaminase of more than 40 IU/L) at the first measurement. After that, individuals with liver enzyme elevation at both measurements were subjected to blood testing for low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, fasting blood sugar, hepatitis B surface antigen, hepatitis C virus antibody, and total bilirubin as well as ultrasound assessment for fatty liver disease. The SPSS software (v. 16.0) was employed for data analysis.