Association between Heavy Metals, Bisphenol A, Volatile Organic Compounds and Phthalates and Metabolic Syndrome

Shim, Yun Hwa; Ock, Jung Won; Kim, Inah; Kim, Se Yeong; Kang, Dongmug

doi:10.3390/ijerph16040671

Cited by 38 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(72 reference statements)

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“…A cross-sectional study using data from the 2012-2014 Korean National Environmental Health Survey II (n 5,251) reported a significant association between urine MEHHP levels and MetS, defined by NCEP ATP III criteria (Shim et al, 2019). In agreement with these results, James-Todd et al, used NHANES data from 2001 to 2010 (n 2,719) and found that higher concentrations of DEHP metabolites, including MEHP, MEHHP, and MEOHP, increased the odds of developing MetS in males (Shim et al, 2019). Similar to findings revealed by Hatch et al, (2008), no correlations were found in adult females.…”

Section: Phthalatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasticizers and Cardiovascular Health: Role of Adipose Tissue Dysfunction

et al. 2021

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Since the 1950s, the production of plastics has increased 200-fold, reaching 360 million tonnes in 2019. Plasticizers, additives that modify the flexibility and rigidity of the product, are ingested as they migrate into food and beverages. Human exposure is continuous and widespread; between 75 and 97% of urine samples contain detectable levels of bisphenols and phthalates, the most common plasticizers. Concern over the toxicity of plasticizers arose in the late 1990s, largely focused around adverse developmental and reproductive effects. More recently, many studies have demonstrated that exposure to plasticizers increases the risk for obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). In the 2000s, many governments including Canada, the United States and European countries restricted the use of certain plasticizers in products targeted towards infants and children. Resultant consumer pressure motivated manufacturers to substitute plasticizers with analogues, which have been marketed as safe. However, data on the effects of these new substitutes are limited and data available to-date suggest that many exhibit similar properties to the chemicals they replaced. The adverse effects of plasticizers have largely been attributed to their endocrine disrupting properties, which modulate hormone signaling. Adipose tissue has been well-documented to be a target of the disrupting effects of both bisphenols and phthalates. Since adipose tissue function is a key determinant of cardiovascular health, adverse effects of plasticizers on adipocyte signaling and function may underlie their link to cardiovascular disease. Herein, we discuss the current evidence linking bisphenols and phthalates to obesity and CVD and consider how documented impacts of these plasticizers on adipocyte function may contribute to the development of CVD.

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Section: Phthalatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasticizers and Cardiovascular Health: Role of Adipose Tissue Dysfunction

et al. 2021

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“…A study from Hong Kong found that short term elevations in atmospheric levels of benzene and TEX (toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene) was associated with increases in circulatory disease mortality by 5.8% and 3.5% (Ran et al, 2018a), although in a study from Toronto, no intra-urban variations in VOC levels were found be associated with cardiovascular disease mortality (Villeneuve et al, 2013). Other BTEXS such as toluene, styrene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes have been also linked to a higher prevalence of CVD (Xu et al, 2009), and exposure to VOCs such as benzene, ethylbenzene, and styrene have also been found to be associated with higher odds of developing metabolic syndrome (Shim et al, 2019). Along with these data, the results of our study, support the notion that exposure to VOC could have adverse cardiovascular consequences, potentially due to low-level vascular injury reflected by changes in CAC levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Environmental Exposure to Volatile Organic Compounds is Associated with Endothelial Injury

Riggs

Malovichko

Gao

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Objective: Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are airborne toxicants abundant in outdoor and indoor air. High levels of VOCs are also present at various Superfund and other hazardous waste sites; however, little is known about the cardiovascular effects of VOCs. We hypothesized that ambient exposure to VOCs exacerbate cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk by depleting circulating angiogenic cells (CACs). Approach and Results: In this cross-sectional study, we recruited 375 non-smokers with low-to-high CVD risk and measured 15 subpopulations of CACs by flow cytometry and 16 urinary metabolites of 12 VOCs by LC/MS/MS. Associations between CAC and VOC metabolite levels were examined using generalized linear models. Our data show that VOC exposure varied by sex, age, and race. In single pollutant models, metabolites of xylene, benzene, and 1,3-butadiene were negatively associated with CAC levels. The metabolite of acrylonitrile was negatively associated with CD45dim/CD146+/CD34+/AC133+ cells and CD45+/CD146+/AC133+, and the toluene metabolite with AC133+ cells. Multipollutant models showed a negative association with metabolites of ethylbenzene/styrene, benzene, and xylene with CD45dim/CD146+/CD34+ cells, independent of other VOC metabolite levels. Cumulative VOC risk score showed a strong negative association with CD45dim/CD146+/CD34+ cells, suggesting that total VOC exposure has a cumulative effect on pro-angiogenic cells. Dose-response relationship showed an increase in CAC levels at low, but depletion at higher levels of VOC exposure. Sex and race, hypertension, and diabetes significantly modified VOC associated CAC depletion. Conclusion: Low-level ambient exposure to VOCs is associated with CAC depletion, which could compromise endothelial repair and angiogenesis, and exacerbate CVD risk.

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“…Recently, Shim et al found a positive association between the concentration of one phthalate metabolite in the urine, MEHHP, and the metabolic syndrome status, involving 5251 participants from the Korean National Environmental Health Survey II (2012-2014), after adjustment for demographic variables. Nevertheless, the authors could not explain the reported association, claiming that chemical properties and health effects of each phthalate metabolite are not well known [178]. Milošević et al analyzed the presence of 10 different phthalate metabolites in the urine samples of 305 participants of both genders (mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP), mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), mono-methyl phthalate (MMP), mono-n-propyl phthalate (MPP), mono-n-butylphthalate (MBP), mono-iso-allyl phthalate (MiAP), mono-nallylphthalate (MnAP), mono-cyclohexyl phthalate (MCHP), MBzP, and mono-n-octyl phthalate (MOP)).…”

Section: Patterns Of Adipose Tissue Distributionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Metabolically Healthy Obesity—Heterogeneity in Definitions and Unconventional Factors

2020

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The concept of heterogeneity among obese individuals in their risk for developing metabolic dysfunction and associated complications has been recognized for decades. At the origin of the heterogeneity idea is the acknowledgement that individuals with central obesity are more prone to developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease than those with peripheral obesity. There have been attempts to categorize subjects according to their metabolic health and degree of obesity giving rise to different obese and non-obese phenotypes that include metabolically unhealthy normal-weight (MUHNW), metabolically healthy obese (MHO), and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO). Individuals belonging to the MHO phenotype are obese according to their body mass index although exhibiting fewer or none metabolic anomalies such as type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and/or unfavorable inflammatory and fribinolytic profiles. However, some authors claim that MHO is only transient in nature. Additionally, the phenotype categorization is controversial as it lacks standardized definitions possibly blurring the distinction between obesity phenotypes and confounding the associations with health outcomes. To add to the discussion, the factors underlying the origin or protection from metabolic deterioration and cardiometabolic risk for these subclasses are being intensely investigated and several hypotheses have been put forward. In the present review, we compare the different definitions of obesity phenotypes and present several possible factors underlying them (adipose tissue distribution and cellularity, contaminant accumulation on the adipose tissue, dysbiosis and metabolic endotoxemia imposing on to the endocannabinoid tone and inflammasome, and nutrient intake and dietary patterns) having inflammatory activation at the center.

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Association between Heavy Metals, Bisphenol A, Volatile Organic Compounds and Phthalates and Metabolic Syndrome

Cited by 38 publications

References 54 publications

Plasticizers and Cardiovascular Health: Role of Adipose Tissue Dysfunction

Plasticizers and Cardiovascular Health: Role of Adipose Tissue Dysfunction

Environmental Exposure to Volatile Organic Compounds is Associated with Endothelial Injury

Metabolically Healthy Obesity—Heterogeneity in Definitions and Unconventional Factors

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