Association between heart diseases, social factors and physical frailty in community‐dwelling older populations: The septuagenarians, octogenarians, nonagenarians investigation with centenarians study

Abstract

Heart diseases and social factors are associated with physical frailty, but there are few studies of older people living in the community. Consequently, the aim of this study was to examine the association between heart diseases, social factors and physical frailty in community-dwelling older populations including the oldest-old people. Methods: The cross-sectional study included 1882 participants of community-dwelling older and oldest-old people. The survey site assessed questionnaires on medical history, social factors, blood samples and physical examination. Physical frailty was based on slow gait speed or weak grip strength. Associations were analyzed using multiple logistic regression with adjustments for covariate factors. Results: Subjects with heart disease had a higher prevalence of physical frailty than those without heart disease. After adjusting the covariate factors, heart diseases were associated with a slow gait speed (odds ratio [OR] = 1.62; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13-2.32, P = 0.009). Frequency of going outdoors and direct interaction with relatives or friends were associated with a slow gait speed (OR = 0.83, 95% CI 0.75-0.91, P ≤ 0.001 and OR = 0.87, 95% CI 0.81-0.94, P < 0.001), and associated with physical frailty (OR = 0.80, 95% CI 0.72-0.89, P ≤ 0.001 and OR = 0.88, 95% CI 0.82-0.95, P = 0.002). Living alone and frequency of direct interaction with relatives or friends were associated with physical frailty in subjects with heart disease. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that in community-dwelling older people, heart diseases and social factors were associated with physical frailty. Older people with heart disease, those living alone and the frequency of direct interaction with relatives or friends were associated with physical frailty.

Association between social capital and frailty and the mediating effect of health-promoting lifestyles in Chinese older adults: a cross-sectional study

“…A literature review revealed that sociodemographic factors (such as sex, age, education level, and income) [ 13 ], physiological factors (such as genes, inflammatory factors, body composition, and malnutrition) [ 14 – 17 ], chronic diseases (such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and stroke) [ 18 ], lifestyles (such as physical activity, sedentary lifestyle, fruit and vegetable consumption, and dietary patterns) [ 19 – 21 ] and psychological factors (such as stress, depression, and anxiety) [ 22 – 24 ] may cause frailty. In addition, studies have also found that social factors such as social isolation [ 25 ], frequency of interaction with relatives and friends [ 26 ], and social support [ 27 ] were associated with frailty. However, the social factors in these studies were predominantly examined at individual level, and few studies investigated the association between overall social factors, such as social capital, and frailty [ 28 , 29 ].…”

Cognitive, psychological and social factors associated with older adults' mobility: a scoping review of self‐report and performance‐based measures

“…The majority ( n = 129, 70.5%) of the included studies' populations were older adults with no defined conditions. The remaining 54 articles (29.5%) included older adults with dementia or cognitive impairment, 34–59 fragile X syndrome associated with tremor/ataxia, a condition resulting from a gene permutation, 60 stroke, 61,62 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 63 cancer, 64,65 diabetes, 66 Parkinson's disease, 17,67–74 cardiovascular disease, 14,75–80 lower back pain, 81 multiple comorbidities 82–84 and post‐menopausal conditions 85 . Most studies recruited participants from the community ( n = 164, 89.6%), and the remaining studies ( n = 19, 10.4%) recruited from the hospital and long‐term care setting or both the long‐term care and community setting, or did not report the setting from which the participants were recruited.…”

“…Studies reported that increased social activity, 186 increased social interaction, 77 and increased social integration and availability of emotional and tangible social support 187 were associated with better walking outcomes in older adults. Better social well‐being 179 and increased social engagement 45 were associated with better physical functioning in older adults.…”

Frailty syndrome among oldest old individuals in a health macro-region of Minas Gerais

“…Notably, pre-frail participants represented almost half of the study sample and, according to the scientific literature, this condition has a greater chance of improving than frailty 26 . In addition, the characteristics of the pre-frail participants, such as living alone 9,12 and the presence of morbidity 13 , may also negatively impact the components of the frailty phenotype.…”

“…The prevalence of frailty syndrome is significantly greater in the oldest old, with rates of 11.2-84.7% [5][6][7] reported in the international literature and 14.8-58.0% [8][9][10] in national studies. However, investigations in oldest old reveal that, besides more advanced age 6,9 , frailty syndrome is associated with being female 6,11 ; having no partner 12 ; high number of morbidities 13 ; presence of depressive symptoms 5,14,15 , poor physical performance 5,16 and with functional disability for performing activities of daily living (ADLs) 7,15 .…”