Association between Hardness (Difficulty of Chewing) of the Habitual Diet and Premenstrual Symptoms in Young Japanese Women

Abstract

Recent evidence suggests that voluntary rhythmic movements such as chewing may increase blood serotonin and subsequently brain serotonin, which in turn acts to alleviate premenstrual symptoms. In this observational cross-sectional study, we tested the hypothesis that hardness (difficulty of chewing) of the habitual diet (i.e. dietary hardness) is associated with decreased premenstrual symptoms. Subjects were 640 female Japanese dietetic students aged 18–22 years. Dietary hardness was assessed as an estimate of masticatory muscle activity for the habitual diet (i.e. the difficulty of chewing the food). The consumption of a total of 107 foods was estimated by means of a self-administered, comprehensive diet history questionnaire, and masticatory muscle activity during the ingestion of these foods was estimated according to published equations. Menstrual cycle symptoms were assessed using the retrospective version of the Moos Menstrual Distress Questionnaire, from which total score and subscale scores (i.e. pain, concentration, behavioral change, autonomic reactions, water retention, and negative affect) in the premenstrual phase were calculated and expressed as percentages relative to those in the intermenstrual phase. Dietary hardness was not associated with total score in the premenstrual phase (P for trend = 0.48). Further, no association was seen for any subscale score in the premenstrual phase (P for trend = 0.18–0.91). In conclusion, this preliminary study failed to substantiate a hypothesized inverse relationship between hardness of the habitual diet and premenstrual symptoms. Considering the plausibility of the putative mechanism, however, further investigation using more relevant measures of chewing and premenstrual symptoms is warranted.

Cross-Sectional Association between Estimated Hardness of the Habitual Diet and Depressive Symptoms in Older Japanese Men

“…Murakami et al [11] developed an algorithm to estimate dietary hardness using a self-administered diet history questionnaire (DHQ), and Okubo et al [12] modified the algorithm for the use of the brief-type of DHQ (BDHQ). They examined the association with weight status [11], premenstrual symptoms [13], and cognitive functions [12]. The present cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association between hardness of the habitual diet and depressive symptoms in older Japanese men.…”

Does Spousal Support Can Decrease Women's Premenstrual Syndrome Symptoms?

“…Other complications can include behavior changes, suicide attempts, criminal behavior, hospital admissions, absenteeism from work and increased prone to accidents can be aggravated premenstrual ( Vishnupriya & Rajarajeswaram, 2011 ). Although the etiology of premenstrual symptoms is unknown and there is no certain cure for this syndrome, the treatment is symptomatic ( Murakami et al, 2009 ). More than 300 various kind of medical, psychiatric, and cognitive treatment are suggested for premenstrual syndrome ( Weisz & Knaapen, 2009 ).…”