Association between handgrip strength, balance, and knee flexion/extension strength in older adults

Alonso, Angélica Castilho; Ribeiro, Sâmia Maria; Luna, Natália Mariana Silva; Peterson, Mark D.; Bocalini, Danilo Sales; Serra, Mônica da Costa; Brech, Guilherme Carlos; Greve, Júlia Maria D’Andréa; Leme, Luiz Eugênio Garcez

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0198185

Cited by 94 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In this study, we reported a poor association between hand grip strength and measures of knee extensor and flexor strength in a community-dwelling sample of older men. Our results are consistent with the low to fair relationships between hand grip strength and lower extremity strength observed in large population-based studies involving older cohorts [ 14 , 35 , 36 ]. Yeung et al [ 37 ] also found only low to moderate agreement between hand grip strength and knee extension strength independently of age and health status in populations of both young and older patients.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The Influence of Upper and Lower Extremity Strength on Performance-Based Sarcopenia Assessment Tests

Harris‐Love

Benson

Leasure

et al. 2018

JFMK

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The optimal management of sarcopenia requires appropriate endpoint measures to determine intervention efficacy. While hand grip strength is a predictor of morbidity and mortality, lower extremity strength may be better associated with functional activities in comparison to hand grip strength. The purpose of our study was to examine the comparative association of upper and lower extremity strength with common measures of physical performance in older adults. Thirty community-dwelling men, aged 62.5 ± 9.2 years, completed body composition analysis, quantitative strength testing, and performance-based tests of functional status. Hand grip force values were not significantly associated with knee extensor or flexor torque values (p > 0.05). Hand grip force was only associated with fast gait speed, while knee extensor torque at 60°/s was the only variable significantly associated across all functional outcome measures: customary gait speed, fast gait speed, sit to stand time, and the Physical Performance Test (p < 0.02). Hand grip strength was not a proxy measure of lower extremity strength as assessed in this study. Overall, lower extremity muscle strength values had the strongest associations with participant functional performance. Lower extremity strength testing may provide additional value as an endpoint measure in the assessment and clinical management of sarcopenia.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The Influence of Upper and Lower Extremity Strength on Performance-Based Sarcopenia Assessment Tests

Harris‐Love

Benson

Leasure

et al. 2018

JFMK

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“…80 Cross-sectional evidence from 110 women aged 67.4 ± 5.9 years indicated that HGS on the dominant (r = -0.20; p = 0.03) and non-dominant hand (r = -0.20; p = 0.03) is correlated with the timed-up-and-go test. 81 The 6-min walk test is a popular method for assessing physical functioning and fitness. 82 Martín-Ponce et al 83 found that adults aged at least 60 years who were in the lower HGS category walked a shorter distance (84.3 ± 12.0 m) on the 6-min walk test than those in the higher HGS category (178.0 ± 14.0 m; p < 0.001).…”

Section: Hgs and Dynamic Assessments Of Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What are the association patterns between handgrip strength and adverse health conditions? A topical review

et al. 2020

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Measures of handgrip strength can be used to conveniently assess overall muscle strength capacity. Although stand-alone measures of handgrip strength provide robust health information, the clinical meaningfulness to determine prevention and treatment options for weakness remains limited because the etiology of muscle weakness remains unclear. Moreover, clinical outcomes associated with handgrip strength are wide-ranging. Therefore, disentangling how handgrip strength is associated with health conditions that are metabolically or neurologically driven may improve our understanding of the factors linked to handgrip strength. The purpose of this topical review was to highlight and summarize evidence examining the associations of handgrip strength with certain health outcomes that are metabolically and neurologically driven. From this perusal of the literature, we posit that stand-alone handgrip strength be considered an umbrella assessment of the body systems that contribute to strength capacity, and a panoptic measurement of muscle strength that is representative of overall health status, not a specific health condition. Recommendations for future strength capacity–related research are also provided.

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“…Other authors have also reported an association between lower-limb strength-including isometric knee extension-and handgrip strength [21]. Moreover, Alonso et al [36] recently reported that handgrip strength was not only related to knee extension strength, but also to TUG performance and dynamic balance in older adults. Similarly, handgrip strength has been reported to be correlated with ambulatory capacity in frail older adults [37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Isometric strength vs. functional mobility and their relationship with risk of falls in community-dwelling older adults: a prospective study

Maffiuletti

Saner

Schütz

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background: Falls are a major concern for older adults and their care givers. The Timed Up and Go (TUG) test is extensively used to identify individuals at risk of falling, but less is known about the validity of simple isometric strength measures for this purpose. We aimed to assess the potential of isometric strength measures and the different modalities of the TUG test to detect individuals at risk of falling. Methods: Twenty-four community-dwelling older adults (≥ 65 years, 19 females, 88±7 years) performed three variations of the TUG test (standard, cognitive, motor) and three isometric strength tests (handgrip, knee extension and hip flexion) at baseline and at several time points (every ~6 weeks) during a 13-month follow-up. Linear mixed model analyses were then performed to examine differences between those who sustained ≥1 fall during the follow-up and those who did not. Results: Fallers had a worse performance in all TUG variations and a lower strength in all tests than non-fallers in non-adjusted analyses (p<0.05). However, when adjusting for baseline variables (age, gender, body mass index, and previous history of falls), only differences in handgrip and knee extension isometric strength measures remained significant (p=0.019 and p=0.042, respectively). Isometric strength measures related to changes in TUG performance both at baseline and during the follow-up (p<0.05). Conclusions: Isometric strength measures has potential to serve as a simple tool to detect individuals at risk of falling as compared to functional mobility measures (i.e. TUG test).

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Association between handgrip strength, balance, and knee flexion/extension strength in older adults

Cited by 94 publications

References 23 publications

The Influence of Upper and Lower Extremity Strength on Performance-Based Sarcopenia Assessment Tests

The Influence of Upper and Lower Extremity Strength on Performance-Based Sarcopenia Assessment Tests

What are the association patterns between handgrip strength and adverse health conditions? A topical review

Isometric strength vs. functional mobility and their relationship with risk of falls in community-dwelling older adults: a prospective study

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