Association between handgrip strength and vascular function in patients with hypertension

Exploring the Association between Vascular Dysfunction and Skeletal Muscle Mass, Strength and Function in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review

“…Twenty-three studies [20,26,27,[33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52] included healthy mixed-age adults (age range 18-95) and two studies [53,54] included healthy community-dwelling older adults (age range [65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81]. Six studies sampled participants with hypertension [55][56][57][58][59][60], one study sampled individuals with diabetes as a comparator to healthy aged population [61], and one study [62] did not...…”

“…Table 2 indicates details of the assessment tools used to estimate skeletal muscle health. Most studies reported a measurement of skeletal muscle strength [26,27,[34][35][36][37]39,41,49,53,55,57,59,60]. Thirteen studies assessed muscle mass [20,25,27,34,39,[42][43][44]47,48,54,58,61] and six studies assessed muscle fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) [33,46,47,56,61,62].…”

“…Seven studies examined muscle function [35,38,40,[49][50][51][52], one study assessed muscular power [41] and one study assessed the muscle anabolic response [20]. Body composition was measured as whole body lean mass [27,34,35,[38][39][40][42][43][44][47][48][49]51,52,54,58] or as appendicular lean mass [20,25,26,33,36,37,41,46,50,53,[55][56][57][59][60][61][62]. To assess skeletal muscle mass various modalities were utilized including BIA [42][43][44]54,58], DXA [25,27,…”

“…Muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis muscle to analyze muscle fiber CSA [27,33,56,61,62]. Muscular strength and power were measured using various assessments including hand-grip strength [35][36][37]49,53,55,57,59], leg extension one-repetition maximum (1-RM) [27,39,41,49,52], peak leg torque [26] and leg extension eight-repetition maximum (8-RM) [34,60]. The muscle anabolic response was measured as muscle protein synthesis rate [20].…”

“…Macrovascular and/or microvascular health was assessed in the included studies, with the majority examining macrovascular blood flow. Macrovascular health was primarily assessed as arterial stiffness using multiple measurements of either pulse wave velocity (PWV) [36,39,40,42,43,46,48,49,51,52,54,58,60], radial augmentation index [41,44,57], carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) [35,37,38,50,59] or flow-mediated dilation (FMD) [41]. CIMT was assessed using ultrasound [35,37,38,50,59] and radial augmentation index was measured using applanation tonometry [41,44,57].…”