Association between Gut Dysbiosis and the Occurrence of SIBO, LIBO, SIFO and IMO

Abstract

Gut microbiota is the aggregate of all microorganisms in the human digestive system. There are 1014 CFU/mL of such microorganisms in the human body, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, archaea and protozoa. The Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes bacteria phyla comprise 90% of the human gut microbiota. The microbiota support the healthy functioning of the human body by helping with digestion (mainly via short-chain fatty acids and amino acids) and producing short-chain fatty acids. In addition, it exhibits many physiological functions, such as forming the intestinal epithelium, intestinal integrity maintenance, the production of vitamins, and protection against pathogens. An altered composition or the number of microorganisms, known as dysbiosis, disrupts the body’s homeostasis and can lead to the development of inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and metabolic diseases such as diabetes, obesity and allergies. Several types of disruptions to the gut microbiota have been identified: SIBO (Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth), LIBO (Large Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth), SIFO (Small Intestinal Fungal Overgrowth), and IMO (Intestinal Methanogen Overgrowth). General gastrointestinal problems such as abdominal pain, bloating, gas, diarrhoea and constipation are the main symptoms of dysbiosis. They lead to malabsorption, nutrient deficiencies, anaemia and hypoproteinaemia. Increased lipopolysaccharide (LPS) permeability, stimulating the inflammatory response and resulting in chronic inflammation, has been identified as the leading cause of microbial overgrowth in the gut. The subject literature is extensive but of limited quality. Despite the recent interest in the gut microbiome and its disorders, more clinical research is needed to determine the pathophysiology, effective treatments, and prevention of small and large intestinal microbiota overgrowth. This review was designed to provide an overview of the available literature on intestinal microbial dysbiosis (SIBO, LIBO, SIFO and IMO) and to determine whether it represents a real threat to human health.

Correlating the Gut Microbiota and Circulating Hormones with Acne Lesion Counts and Skin Biophysical Features

“…However, a more specific look at the associations may explain the difference as our data are more granular in that we correlated separately against non-inflammatory and inflammatory lesions, with the finding that Clostridia inversely correlated non-significantly to non-inflammatory lesions (corr: −0.23, p -value: 0.34) but had a stronger correlation with the presence of inflammatory lesions (corr: 0.74, p -value: 0.0001). Furthermore, we noted an association for the presence of inflammatory lesions with Methanobrevibacter smithii , which is a known pathogen associated with gut dysbiosis such as Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) and Intestinal Methanogen Overgrowth (IMO) [ 48 ]. While SIBO has correlated with the scleroderma and rosacea [ 22 , 49 ], our data suggest that further exploration into the association between SIBO and inflammatory acne may be warranted.…”

Nutrition at the Intersection between Gut Microbiota Eubiosis and Effective Management of Type 2 Diabetes

“…The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract harbors trillions of gut microbiota, comprising about 500–1000 different bacterial species, which collectively weigh approximately 1–2 kg [ 1 , 2 ]. Analysis of the human microbial composition has shown that the gut microbiota of adults contains six phyla, with 90% of these bacterial species belonging to the phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, while the phyla Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia make up the rest [ 3 ]. The balance of the gut microbiota, namely eubiosis, is important in maintaining health and preventing diseases [ 4 ].…”

Fecal Coprococcus, hidden behind abdominal symptoms in patients with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth

“…A significant proportion of patients deny effective treatment due to similar clinical phenotypes compared with many other functional gastrointestinal diseases (FGIDs). Few studies provide independent clinical and microbiome profiles of SIBO patients [ 22 ].…”